Smu I Sem Stat Assignments Set 2

rMBA SEMESTER 1 MB0040 STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT- 4 assign (Book ID B1129) Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note from each hotshot question carries 10 Marks. Answer totally the questions 1. What do you mean by statistical Survey? Differentiate between Questionnaire and memorial. autonomic nervous system Definition of statistical study A statistical survey is a scientific process of collection and psychoanalysis of numerical information. Statistical surveys be employ to collect numerical information close to units in a universe of discourse. Surveys involve intercommunicate questions to individuals. Surveys of human cosmoss be common in government, health, social science and marketing sectors.Stages of Statistical Survey Statistical surveys ar categorized into deuce stages preparation and execution. The two full stages of Statistical survey AS FOLLOWS pic readying a Statistical Survey The relevance and accuracy of data obtained in a survey depends upon the care exerc ised in planning. A properly planned investigation shtup lead to best results with least scathe and time. flavours involved in the planning stage are as fol first gears pace 1 Nature of the problem to be investigated should be clearly defined in an unambiguous manner. Step 2 Objectives of the investigation should be stated at the outset.Objectives could be to Obtain certain estimates Establish a theory Verify an existing averment Find relationship between characteristics Step 3 The scope of the investigation has to be make clear. The scope of investigation refers to the demesne to be covered, identification of units to be studied, spirit of characteristics to be observed, accuracy of measurements, analytical methods, time, apostrophize and other resources required. Step 4 Whether to enforce data collected from primary or secondary source should be pertinacious in advance.Step 5 the organization of investigation is the final step in the process. It encompasses the h abituate of the number of investigators required, their training, supervision work needed, pecuniary resource required. Execution of Statistical survey get word methods should be adopted at every(prenominal) stage of carrying out the investigation to infract the accuracy, coverage, methods of measurements, analysis and interpretation. The collected data should be edited, classified, tabulated and presented in diagrams and graphs. The data should be cautiously and systematically analysed and interpreted.Differentiate between Questionnaire and Schedule Questionnaires withdraw simple questions and are filled by respondents. Schedules also contain questions but responses are recorded directly by the investigator. 2. The display board shows the data of disbursal of a family on food, clothing, education, rent and other items. Depict the data shown in the table using Pie chart. Items Expenditure Food 4300 Clothing one hundred twenty0 Education 700 tide rip 2000 Others 600 au tonomic nervous system pic Fig Pie-chart showing expense of a family on various items 3. total metric weight unit of atomic number 6 screws in blow A is 10. 4 gms. It is tangled with cl screws of recess B. Average weight of mixed screws is 10. 9 gms. Find the average weight of screws of box B. ANS GIVEN THAT n1= hundred, n2 = cl, X1 = 10. 4 Gms, pic= 10. 9 Gms, X2 =? WE KNOW THAT pic 10. 9 = ( vitamin C*10. 4) + (150 X2) / cytosine+150 10. 9 = 1040 + 150 X2 / 250 0. 9*250 = 1040 + 150 X2 2725 = 1040 + 150 X2 150 = 2725-1040 X2 =1685 / 150 X2 = 11. 23 Gms Therefore, the average weight of screws of box B is 11. 23 gms. 4. (a) Discuss the draw reins of prospect. (b) What is meant by Conditional Probability? ANS 1. Addition harness The addition rule of luck states that i) If A and B are whatsoever two events in that respectfore the fortune of the position of every A or B is give up by pic ii) If A and B are two mutually exclusive events consequently the fortu ne of natural event of either A or B is habituated by pic ii) If A, B and C are any three events then the hazard of occurrence of either A or B or C is prone by pic In terminations of Venn diagram, from the betoken 5. 4, we can inscribe the probability of occurrence of either event A or event B, given that event A and event B are dependent events. From the figure 5. 5, we can calculate the probability of occurrence of either A or B, given that, events A and B are free lance events. From the figure 5. 6, we can calculate the probability of occurrence of either A or B or C, given that, events A, B and C are dependent events. pic iv) If A1, A2, A3, An are n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events then the probability of occurrence of at least one of them is given by pic 2. Multiplication rule If A and B are two independent events then the probability of occurrence of A and B is given by pic Conditional Probability Sometimes we lack to know the probability that the price of a particular petroleum product volition rise, given that the finance minister has change magnitude the petrol price. Such probabilities are cognize as conditional probabilities.Thus the conditional probability of occurrence of an event A given that the event B has already occurred is denoted by P (A / B). Here, A and B are dependent events. Therefore, we bemuse the following rules. If A and B are dependent events, then the probability of occurrence of A and B is given by pic It follows that pic For any bivariate distribution, there exists two marginal distributions and m + n conditional distributions, where m and n are the number of classifications/characteristics studied on two variables. 5. (a) What is meant by Hypothesis judge?Give Ex international ampereles (b) Differentiate between Type-I and Type-II Errors ANS Hypothesis exam Hypothesis examination is about fashioning inferences about a population from only a pure savour. The bottom line in possible action interrogat ion is when we ask ourselves (and then decide) whether a population, handle we think this one, would be probable to produce a prototype like the one we are looking at. Testing Hypothesis In guess shielding, we mustiness state the confiscated or supposaled prize of the population parameter before we arrest sampling. The assumption we wish to raise is called the trifling theory and is symbolised by ?Ho. The term zilch hypothesis arises from earlier awkward and medical applications of statistics. In order to test the effectiveness of a new plant food or drug, the tested hypothesis (the zipper hypothesis) was that it had no effect, that is, there was no fight between treated and untreated attempts. If we use a hypothesised revalue of a population mean in a problem, we would comprise it symbolically as ? H0. This is read The hypothesized value of the population mean. If our sample results fail to substitute the null hypothesis, we must conclude that something else is true.Whenever we protest the hypothesis, the conclusion we do ware is called the alternating(a) hypothesis and is symbolised H1 (H sub-one). Interpreting the take of logical implication The purpose of hypothesis interrogatory is not to question the computed value of the sample statistic but to make a image about the difference between that sample statistic and hypothesised population parameter. The next step after stating the null and alternative hypotheses is to decide what amount to be used for deciding whether to abide or eradicate the null hypothesis.If we attain the hypothesis is correct, then the significance take get out indicate the partage of sample actor that is outside certain limits (In estimation, the corporate trust take indicates the percentage of sample marrow that falls within the defined federal agency limits). Hypotheses are authoritative and not spread out Even if our sample statistic does fall in the non-shaded region (the region shown in on a inflict floor figure that makes up 95 percent of the area under the curve), this does not prove that our null hypothesis (H0) is true it just now does not provide statistical exhibit to reject it.Why? It is because the only way in which the hypothesis can be accepted with certainty is for us to know the population parameter unfortunately, this is not possible. Therefore, whenever we say that we accept the null hypothesis, we actually mean that there is not sufficient statistical evidence to reject it. Use of the term accept, sort of of do not reject, has become standard. It fashion that when sample data do not cause us to reject a null hypothesis, we be put up as if that hypothesis is true. pic fig Acceptance and rejection region of sampleSelecting a Significance Level There is no single standard or oecumenic level of significance for exam hypotheses. In some instances, a 5% level of significance is used. In the published results of look into papers, researchers oft en test hypotheses at the 1 percent level of significance. Hence, it is possible to test a hypothesis at any level of significance. But remember that our option of the minimum standard for an acceptable probability, or the significance level, is also the risk we assume of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true.The laid-back the significance level we use for testing a hypothesis, the higher the probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true. 5% level of significance implies we are ready to reject a true hypothesis in 5% of cases. If the significance level is high then we would rarely accept the null hypothesis when it is not true but, at the same time, often reject it when it is true. When testing a hypothesis we come across four possible situations. The above figure shows the four possible situations. pic Table possible situations when testing a hypothesisThe combinations are 1. If the hypothesis is true, and the test result accepts it, then we have made a righ t finding. 2. If hypothesis is true, and the test result rejects it, then we have made a wrong decision (Type I fracture). It is also known as Consumer? s Risk, denoted by ?. 3. If hypothesis is false, and the test result accepts it, then we have made a wrong decision (Type II break). It is known as producer? s risk, denoted by ? 1 P is called might of the Test. 4. Hypothesis is false, test result rejects it we have made a right decision. Type-I and Type-II Errors order that do a Type I error (rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true) involves the time and trouble of reworking a smokestack of chemicals that should have been accepted. At the same time, making a Type II error (accepting a null hypothesis when it is false) means winning a chance that an good group of users of this chemical compound give be poisoned. Obviously, the management of this company will prefer a Type I error to a Type II error and, as a result, will set very high levels of significance in its te sting to get low ?? . Suppose, on the other hand, that making a Type I error involves disassembling an undefiled engine at the factory, but making a Type II error involves relatively inexpensive warranty repairs by the dealers. Then the manufacturer is more in all likelihood to prefer a Type II error and will set lower significance levels in its testing. 6. From the following table, calculate Laspyres office bod, Paasches Index keep down, fisher cat? s outlay Index trope and Dorbish & Bowley? s Index Number taking 2008 as the base year. trade good 2008 2009 Price (Rs) per Kg Quantity in Kg Price (Rs) per Kg Quantity in Kg A 6 50 10 56 B 2 one C 2 120 C 4 60 6 60 D 10 30 12 24 E 8 40 12 36 Sol Commodity 2008 2009 P0 Q0 P1 Q1 P1Q0 P1Q1 P0Q0 P0Q1 A 6 50 10 56 500 560 300 336 B 2 snow 2 120 200 240 200 240 C 4 60 6 60 360 360 240 240 D 10 30 12 24 360 288 300 240 E 8 40 12 36 480 432 320 288 1900 1880 1360 1344 ? P1Q0=1900 ? P1Q1= ? P0Q0= ?P0 Q1= 1880 1360 1344 (A) Laspyres Index Number =? P1Q0 / ? P1Q1 x 100 =1900 / 1880 x 100 = 1. 0106 x 100 = 101. 06 Ans. (B) Paasches Index Number =? P1Q1 / ? P0Q1 x 100 =1880 /1344 x 100 =1. 3988 x 100 =138. 88 Ans. (C) Fishers Price Index Number = ? P1Q0 x ? P1Q1 / ? P0Q0 x ? P0Q1 X 100 = 1900 x 1880 / 1360 x 1344 X 100 = 1. 9542 x 100 = 1. 3979 x 100 = 139. 79 Ans. (D) Dorbish & Bowley? s Index Number = ? P1Q0 / ? P0Q0 + ? P1Q1 / ? P0Q1 x 100 = 1900 / 1360 + 1880 / 1344 x 100 = 2. 795 x 100 = 1. 6718 x 100 = 167. 18 Ans. pic

Reconciliation †Polly Clark Essay

Separation is one of the primary(prenominal) themes in the hornswoggle story. Marriage is really valuable and precious, because it is a promise of an ever-living love between a homo and woman. People acquire married, but the great unwashed ar as well as getting break up as well. A pairing does non al musical modes turn out the way people had hoped for, and some(prenominal)times they will do to separate. A separation is usually a actually emotional phase, especially later on a divorce. Separation is a line of credit to the title of the short story reconciliation. travel on, is also one of the main themes in the text. The keep up Vernon have moved on, beside that Laura harbort. In the text, Vernon seems to be the one, who have the more or less control over himself and his life. Whereas Laura seems to have rational issues and she isent thought process clear.In the short story Reconciliation, written by Polly Clark in 2006, we meet Laura who is floating between ma rriage and divorce. She is first-person narrator, because we ar able to know how she is presupposeing and feeling, crimson when she dosent know it. Laura had a human relationship to Vernon for half of her life. It appears, when Laura knows how her economize use to walk His walk, just as I remember, is heavier on the left than the right. Laura and her husbands relationship are locomote apart. For months she and her husband havent communicate a word. There have been months of frigid silence. When Laura dosent knows how to resume their contact, she applies for a agate line at her husbands office. Laura is very nervous, and she seems doubtful around her husband Vernon, or Mr. Pringle as he is called in the text, by his employer Janny. This is expressed in her following quotes in the start I have disregarded my spot, I dont know if I reply, if I do it is in a whisper, I bite my lip as I r to separately one the desk.The fact that Laura has forgotten her shoes and wearing the clothes, the clothes she have been quiescency with, shows that shes not able to think clearly and the fact that she piece of tailt speak clearly, but only whisper when Vernon is around, shows that shes nervous. It makes her look like she has some smaller mental issues, which is caused because she is losing her husband. Laura feels like she is zero without her husband. It seems like Laura is more interested of getting her husband back, than he is. She electrostatic got feelings for him. We began our relationship half my life ago in a bar, and those were our best times, telling each other the truths of our lives in the warm light.And later Laura tells Vernon she have grown some onions and had an interview. These are both, technically, lies, but could be true. Laura misses the times, when she and Vernon told each other the truth. but now, when their relationship is falling apart, she starts to lie. Laura wants her husband back. She cant get it on Vernon anymore, and it seems t hat her husband has moved on and dosent fell the same way as she does. This is expressed in the text How has he managed to stay on himself, to become dare I say it even more himself, with not even a scar and even a brand new unconsecrated shirt, What do you think more or less this then? You and me, you and me in a countersink like this, I hope he realizes how much planning, thought, how much normality it took for me to be here today.Blue is also a color for wisdom and confidence, in contrast to Laura, who dosent have confidence, and dosent seem wise. When the narrator, Laura, introduce us to her husband Vernon, she describe him as a turtleneck without its carapace, which is an role model of imagery. The way Vernon looks around the dwell is described as the way a chameleon look around. His eyes photographic film about the room, an alarmed chameleon.Another example of imagery in the text is when Laura is expiration to find matching be on the sheet with Janny.There is two n umbers or two times, called 22.48 and 22.49. Laura is inquireing if they are matching together, because they are nearly the same. besides still they are so different, they founder them self. This can be put into opinion to Laura and Vernon. Laura sees herself, as one individual, but still she is wondering if she matching to Vernon. Laura does still wonder why 22.48 are so narrowly missed being 22.49. Laura asks Janny what if she cant find the reconciliation on the sheet. Janny tells that they remain unreconciled. Sometimes everything isnt going to scarper out the way you wanted it to be. But we have to move on, so everything can be reconciled.

Nike Ppt

Greeks say when we go to combat and win,we say it is NIKE INTRODUCTION TO NIKE Est. in 1960 in Oregon Phil knight and Bowerman- founder Started trivial and now has covered U. S and global markets Nike is now mavin of the biggest mfd. Of the world soil Most of the factories are located in Asia including Indonesia,China,Taiwan,India Thailand,Veitnam,Pakistan ,Philippines and Malaysia Nike outsourcing contracts around 500 factories in 45 countries. Nike currently controls more than 45% of the US sportswear market.Background cont. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese enclothe maker Onitsuka tiger, making approximately sales at track meets out of Knights automobile. The companys sugar grew quickly, and in 1966, BRS opened its first retail store, located on Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY electric razor labour Not satisfying guest need s Ignorance of mkt. trends AccusationsIn 1996-1997, Nike was accused of repulse intrusions and pitying rights abuses in foreign countries (mainly Asian). Contrary Evidences Thousands of broadly speaking young, female workers in southeastern Asia (Indonesia, Vietnam, China) were beingness exposed to reproductive toxins and suspected carcinogens. around workers were not constituteing a living charter even though they work a great deal 12 to 14 hours per day. Nike workers in Southeast Asia aim suffered incarnate punishment and corporal abuse. Nike young female workers keep up suffered intimate harassment. Nike workers in Southeast Asia cause been labored to work overtime in violation of applicable laws. Core issue of Nike NIKE PRATICES kidskin LABOUR Children are not and the easiest to intimidate, theyre also the cheapest workers. Twelve-year-old Tariq, one of thousands apply in Pakistans soccer ball industry, which produces five billion balls a year for the U. S. market, stitches leather pieces in Mahotra. He earns 60 cents a ball, and it takes most of a day to make one (Schanberg, 1996 38).Silgi is only three. Her hands are so tiny she cant handle a scissors. unless she started stitching soccer balls recently to sponsor her mother and four sisters. Together they earn 75 cents a day work in their shanty home in Jullundur, India (Sidebar to Life Magazine Story, p 41 NOTE There is a painting (Source) of a young girl refined in town and soiled clothing next to the soccer ball clutching a needle and thread. The needle is longer than her fingers. CONSEQUENCES Nike executives have been targets at public place Students have pressed administrators and athletic localiseors to ban products that have been made under sweatshop conditions In 2002 an case-by-case sued Nike, alleging that the company knowingly made morose and misleading statements in its denial of direct participation in abusive labor conditions abroad. REMEDIES Nike defende d, through corporate news releases, full page ads in major newspapers, and earn to editors Nike gave $1. jillion to the Washington D. C. based Fair hollow Association (FLA) In 2003, company employed 86 compliance officer merely stigma of past practices remains emblazoned on its image and brand name. Nikes Responses Nike responded with ask releases Letters to the newspaper Personal letters to university presidents and athletic directors Campus Visits Independent audit of factories blab out at conferences COMPILED BY AKRITI JHA DEEPTI SINGH TRIPTI SINGH

The Sow

In Sylvia Plaths poem the Sow, the fascinated cashier describes his encounter with his neighbors hogg for the front time. Sylvia Plath uses diction and allusions to describe the lay from the narrators perspective. The poem withal features an attitude shift towards the informer from this surreptitious prize to this disappointing informer. The poem starts dispatch with an aura of mystery. She describes the neighbors fashion using words and phrases like smart secret and impounded from public stare. You can express that the neighbor is trying to hide his ornamentation taking pig from the public and that he is actually proud of his pig. The narrator is very unmatched as to what this ribbon winning pig looks like. He is so curious to the point that he is commended to find his personal manner through the lantern-lit maze of barns to see this pig. When he sees the pig for the first time the whim of the poem shifts. When he sees the pig for the first time he, its not what he had expected.He says this was no rose-and-larkspurred china which implies the imperfections he finds with the pig. As he begins to describe the pig, his tone changes from enjoy to pity for the pig. He describes the pig as a Brobdingnag bulk to describe how better-looking this pig is by comparing it to the giants that vital in Jonathan Swifts book Gullivers Travels. He sees this pig as this fat pig that can barely move, and is slowly chemical decomposition reaction away, on that black compost, fat-rutted eyes intake filled.He also compares the pig to an our wonder blazoned a knight, helmed, in cuirass, unhorsed and shredded in the grove of combat by a grisly-bristled boar. He sees the fat of the pig as armor and its scars as to those of troth wounds. Sylvia Plath was adequate to show the different thoughts the narrator has of his neighbors pig. She is able to show us how the narrator thinks that this pig is this magnificent creature blush though its not. Through diction, co mparisons, and allusions Sylvia Plath is able to show us what the narrator is comprehend and feeling though out the poem.

'Norm Violation Essay\r'

'Brenda Mora 4 October 2011 SOC 101-3003 Norm Violation work coif forth The norm violation exercise that I intractable to experi handst with was invasion of space. My device was to go up to random community in small throngs of triplet or four and have a bun in the oven one of them for help, thank them, mash them, and walk a agency; my associate thought it sounded like fun so he volunteered to perform the encounters. If somebody I didn’t know came up and hugged me for no apparent reason I would or so likely think they were either supernatural or drunk. For this reason I decided to do this particular sample.Most of the raft my consort hugged did not react in the way I predicted. I decided to ladder out the experiment at the Wal-Mart on Charleston and Decatur since it’s close to where we some(prenominal) live and it is never scarce in tidy sum. We enacted the experiment in different atoms of the monetary fund since there were more dense amounts of pot in certain areas. The areas where we performed the experiment were in the electronics department, the home decorations department, the viands divide, and the cash depict section.The electronics department had plenty of passel, males in particular, I was especially eager to see the feed corroborate of the men in this section since my maven is a guy. The home decorations department had plenty of females; the food and cash register sections had a mixing of both genders. The first person we approached was a male Wal-Mart gross sales associate set up phone displays in the electronics department. We both went up to him and my mavin asked him where the exercising equipment was located, he responded and pointed us in the direction, as I walked my booster rocket thanked him and gave him a big bear hug.The sales associate permit my consort hug him, patted his behind, laughed, and starred at us in an awkward hu spellsner as we left. He didn’t have much answer to my gart er hugging him. It didn’t reckon to have bothered him, as briefly as we left he plain returned to his work. The second encounter involved a man with his married woman and son and what seemed to be one of their patrons or relative which alike occurred in the electronics department. My mavin went up to them as I stood behind a clip rack and he asked the woman’s husband if he could point him in the direction of the clothing department.The man gave my mavin directions and unspoiled as he was move to the conversation between his ally and wife, my friend speedily put his arms nearly the slightly large man and embraced him for or so triple seconds in the lead he let go, thanked him, and walked outside(a). As my friend walked international I noticed the man simply and rapidly returned to his conversation as if nothing had happened. His wife and friend starred at my friend as he walked away and laughed as if they still couldn’t believe what had just h appened.The third and fourth sort of people that we encountered took place in the home decorations section of the store. Both convocations were all women; one group consisted of twain women and the other group of three young women. The first group of ii women seemed to have been a have and a middle aged daughter, my friend approached the women and asked for their mind on an item, the daughter answered him that before she could go back to her art he hugged her, I noticed a panicked expression on her facial expression and my friend told me he noticed she held on to her mother’s arm as he hugged her.The second group of women were also asked for their cerebration on a Halloween decoration, the girl told my friend what she thought and before she could get back to her business he hugged her. One of the devil girls with her asked her if she knew him and the other girl laughed and starred at my friend, the girl herself couldnt believed it and she even blushed a bit.The fi fth and sixth encounter took place in the food and cash register section with a distinct group of people; the first was a family of three consisting of a husband, wife and child and the second of two female Wal-Mart sales associates surrounded by people in line wait to pay for their groceries. The family of three were choosing their food when my friend approached the husband and asked him if he could reach something from the trespass shelf for him since he was exceedingly tall, the man gladly agreed and my friend thanked him and quickly hugged him.The wife laughed while the child took no notice and as my friend walked away the man stopped him and said â€Å"Your welcome, man”, this was the first time anybody had responded to his action. The second group of females at the cash register were component customers when my friend approached them and asked for help, one of them gave him directions and began about her business when he hugged her, she laughed and went back to what she was doing.However, her co-worker did not approve and gave my friend a unheated stare as he walked away, the people waiting in line laughed for three seconds, gave a hardly a(prenominal) stares, and went back to their business. The die group of people were two males, an honest-to-god and younger brother who were testing out painting games in the electronics section. My friend walked up, stood next to them and asked for their opinion on a video game, the honest-to-god boy answered my friend and as soon as he correct my friend hugged him and quickly walked away.As he walked away I observed the younger boys face which expressed how much he couldn’t believe it, the older boy didn’t laugh at first plainly then he came around, shook his head, laughed and walked away. My friend said that as he hugged the boy he went stiff and said â€Å"whoa”, as if he tried to tell him to back off, but no words could come out. This boys reaction was my favorite because th e expression on his face said let me go but at the same time he seemed scared as if my friend would hurt him if he said anything.This experiment was interesting because of all of the different reactions that I saw. I did not expect for most of the reactions to result in the same way. I hoped for somebody to speak up and ask what my friend’s problem was but nobody seemed to care much. The only reactions that genuinely caught my attention were the three females where one of them blushed and the group with the older and younger brother where the older brother tried to speak up but couldn’t. Besides a few cold stares, there were no repelling consequences.\r\n'

'How Attitudes to Marriage Have Changed Essay\r'

'In the past heap married at a ofttimes younger epoch on average than they do today. Marrying in your late teens or early twenties was normal. Most tidy sum got married as this is what was expected of you, and people r arly considered non doing so.\r\n round a(prenominal) fewer subside to splice these days. Many instal the conscious decisions non to as they prefer to remain more than(prenominal) independent. This can be the case for two genders. Some would argue that people attend to meet the right somebody now, whereas out front they would marry the first person who came on.\r\n lifetime Together while not marital\r\nIn the past it was not socially acceptable for unmarried couples to endure together. It was seen as wrong and was therefore extremely rare. It is doable that this contributed to early sum.\r\nUnmarried couples living together has almost establish the norm now. Many decide to see how they get along living together earlier they decide to marry. It i s also common for couples to live together, and possibly set out children, without ever getting married. They live the like way as a married couple without ever make it official.\r\nChildren\r\nIt used to be rare for people not to have children. Most people would conform to a very specialised lifestyle, marrying young and having children soon after. Hardly anyone had children before marriage, and it was even rarer for people to do this by choice.\r\nNowadays it is not uncommon at all for people to have children without cosmos married and this is not seen as a big issue by most. sometimes parents live together as a family with their children without being married, while others are ace parents. Not everyone decides to have children either. It is no semipermanent seen as something you must do so it has become more of a choice.\r\nThe office of Women\r\nA hundred years ago, the consumption of women was very specific. They were expected to marry, have children, and not work. Th eir eccentric was to look after the stand and their children while men went out to work.\r\nWomen’s role in family life, and life in general, now depends on the individual person and her circumstances. Many still crave the traditional lifestyle of marriage and children, but many make other choices. There are many more career women; some are working parents while others strike’t have children at all. The role of men is also less rigid, and it is much more common than it used to be for Mothers to go to work while Fathers apprehension at home.\r\nDivorce\r\nDivorce was at a time illegal so wasn’t an picking at all. Even once it did become legal it was rarely considered and was deemed a misdeed by many.\r\nNow it is much more common for a variety of reasons. Attitudes have completely changed and divorce is seen as dead acceptable for those in an unhappy marriage and there is no longer the same stigma attached to it. Although some consider of the increase in divorce as a negative, it could be argued that it is better than stay unhappy. It is also practically easier with family law having changed to make it easier for those seeking a divorce.\r\n'

'Own Self Concepts Essay\r'

'Own Self Concepts SPC 2300 †12 Own Self Concepts 1. Define ane win everywhere you would like to make in yourself. It might be a port or anything around yourself that you would like to alter. * I would like to change one of my manners to the highest degree myself. The worst quality about me is that I am al commissions late no matter what the case whitethorn be. I am non late on purpose, but it seems like something continuously puts me hindquarters register. It drives both my family and friends crazy. They hold up pictureed when I verbalise I altogetherowing be there in thirty minutes, to tolerate me in about an hour. This is a behavior of mine that I need to fix on immediately. . Write a particularized closing for making the change, being indisputable your aspiration is realistic and fair. Use affirming, motivational language in your goal. For example, â€Å"I leave alone show my best friends that I am paying attention when they talk to me. ” * Thi s is something about myself I establish needed to change for a long time. It is not something I do intentionally to drive my family and friends crazy. I need to become a musical compositionty more time oriented, so that I arsehole be where I say I am going to be, at a certain time. I impart show my family and friends that I can be on time to their events.\r\nMy first goal is to sit down with a calendar, and hold open down already hunchn events and times. This way I will not schedule more than one event at a time. Next, by having a planner, I can add any impudent events that occur in future. I will be able to check open dates and make authoritative I bring in nothing already planned. Lastly, by viscous to my schedule and planning ahead it should bowdlerise the amount of time I am late. I know I always have to expect the unexpected, but at least I have discover over the already known about. 3. stick to or think of others who are models for what you regard to be. Write down what they do.\r\nFor example, â€Å"Tracy nods a volume and repeats back what others say so they know she is listening. ” * A model person for me to comment and consume tips from would be my mother. She will have a whole list of things to satisfy within her day, and gets them all done and on time. She has a monthly day planner that she carries with her at all times. She always makes sure to add important and upcoming events, as well as any of her passing(a) to-dos to the planner. My mom also makes sure not to make more plans than she can fill within her day. It seems to work for my mom, so I don’t see wherefore it wouldn’t work for me. . What context or setting is required for you to achieve your goal? For example, â€Å"I will talk with my friends in private, distraction-free settings. ” * I will need to fall out the schedule I set for myself and not let myself get distracted from my master plans. It might even be peachy for my family and friends to be a little bit stricter when it comes to my tardiness. For the most part, this behavior is something I have to train myself on. No one else can do this for me. I have got to learn how to manage my time better, so that I will arrive at events when I am supposed to be there. . rate potential barriers to the change. Some potential barriers that may cause some problems for my change will be the exact people who orison the change of me. I will tolerate that I do control a lot of my tardiness, but not all of it is my fault. I will be on my way somewhere, when a friend asks me to do something for them. They promise it will only take five minutes. At that point, it is usually over an hour when they are done with me. I have got to learn to tell my family and friends no sometimes, in order to fulfill previous obligations.\r\n'

'Examining Henrik Ibsen’s Torvald and John Updike’s Sammy Essay\r'

'Some workforce seem to equivalent their women simple. The universe who trusts the simple cleaning lady sees her as easier to manipulate and as a more than positive reflection on himself. A man who has a simple woman can believe himself superior in almost all involvements; such is the type with John Updike’s fieldful Sammy in the short story â€Å"A & group A; P,” and Henrik Ibsen’s char flakeer Torvald Helmer from his converge A Doll’s House. Each of these men views the arena as merely an add terminationum of himself, and the people in the founding, especially the women, as decorative items purely for his personal function and amusement.\r\nIronically, by the end of or so(prenominal) Updike’s short story and Ibsen’s play, the women pay turned the men’s worlds on edge and taken control of the universe. Sammy is a checker at the local supermarket, and he spends his days watching his world go by while sburningding in jud gment of those who enter his domain. The world that goes by Sammy is populated by a conformation of customersâ€all seemingly womenâ€who he describes as â€Å"witches,” â€Å"sheep,” and â€Å"this one[s]” (Updike 959, 960).\r\nThat he feels superior to womenâ€all womenâ€is make obvious by the way in which he sizes them up. The three bathing-suit-clad girls who be more or less to change Sammy’s brio are described in terms of their material attributes and the degree to which Sammy is attr exemplifyed to all(prenominal). While he ab initio admires the girl â€Å"in the plaid reverse lightning twain-piece” who has a â€Å"good tan and [the] sweet broad soft- aspect can with [. . . ] 2 crescents of white just under it,” he later realizes she and girl number two are merely preludes to the one he presumes to be their leaderâ€the one he calls â€Å"the queen” (959, 960). Torvald Helmer is no different from Sammy; he too objectifies womenâ€specifically his wifeâ€and he lives happily presuming that fe staminates are simple and bequeath always remain so.\r\nIbsen’s play opens with Nora entering the home and Torvald’s greeting her shortly at that placeafter. During their brief exchange, Torvald uses the terms â€Å" detailed lark,” â€Å"little squirrel,” and â€Å"little spendthrift” in reference to his wife, only both(prenominal)ering to use her style when he is busily chastising her for her many errors in judgmentâ€most of which he attributes to her softness to handle money (Ibsen). Sammy and Torvald are from each one comfortable with the subordinate role into which they pasture women; in fact, both characters seem completely unsuspecting that they are objectifying and marginalizing the women around themâ€it is a matter of their natural make up.\r\nAdditionally, both men express a consume understanding that women’s brains are a bit empty. Sammy wonders whether or non â€Å"it’s a mind in there or just a bombinate bid a bee in a glass jar”; Torvald is more direct, handicraft Nora a â€Å"little featherhead” (Updike 960, Ibsen). There is no doubt that both men are whole-heartedly mocking women as if doing so is vocalization of the reason they existâ€part of the world’s natural come in. Neither character expects the carefully structured universes over which they each rule to be bowdleriseed let alone collapse, but that is exactly what happens to both Sammy and Torvald.\r\nIt never dawns on Sammy, as he is tucked safely behind his register, that the developed power dynamic is the antithesis of what he believes it to be: he is merely a consideration to the customers who enter the set up. In fact, he operates like a man who can alter the very natures of the customers he helps. The â€Å"bold” behave Sammy makes at the end of the story isn’t an act of in colony but an act made â€Å"hoping [the girls will] stop and watch [him], their unknown hero” (Updike 963). Likewise, Torvald long remains unaware of the debt he owes his wifeâ€a debt personal and financial.\r\nHaving spent his life smugly genial over his wife’s dependence on him and her general ignorance, he is excite to gain possession of the letter that contains the sorry contract Krogstad held over Nora. In his mind, order will be restored; however, Nora confronts Torvald about her gloominess and his constantly treating her like a â€Å" biddy” (Ibsen). Just as the presence of the bathing-suit-clad women hatch Sammy to quit his job in an act of pointless chivalry; Torvald’s actionsâ€actions that were designed to cage his wifeâ€led him to his misidentify â€Å" sparing” her for his own good for â€Å"saving” her for her own.\r\nThe carefully controlled and structured worlds of each has been undoneâ€in both cases by the male character’s own unskilled hands. Sammy and Torvald meet their ends, but not originally groveling, and grasping one last meter for the control each has let strip show away. Sammy’s struggle is relatively private. He exists the A & P â€Å"looking around for [the bathing-suit-clad] girls,” but all he sees are a woman and her â€Å" let loose” kids (Updike 964). There is no one to chance on his recent, self-serving act of heroism, and he pitiably mollifies himself by thinking â€Å"how hard the world was going to be [thereafter]” (964).\r\nTorvald’s end is a bit more normalâ€much as was his mocking of his wife. Declaring that â€Å"[he has] it in [him] to become a different man,” he is shocked to learn that Nora has long been a different woman, and has neither need nor desire for him to remain a part of her life; his attempt to placate himself is to hang on the words â€Å"the most wonderful thing of all? (Ibsen) It may b e that some men wish their women simple, but it is in the simplest things that the greatest truths are most very much revealed. The safety some men anticipate in the weakness of those with whom they surround themselves is frequently only a pit of quicksand.\r\nThis was the case for both Sammy and Torvald Helmer. Where Sammy privately observes and judges women he does not know, Torvald is far more offensive: he diminishes his wife openly. Whether or not Sammy ages into a Torvald is anyone’s guess, but surely the potential for it is present. As one man walks out of a grocery store and the other man tries to guess the serve well to a riddle, the women have entered the world on their own, presumably to live happily, contentedly, and idependently ever-after.\r\nWorks Cited\r\nIbsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House. Ed. E. Haldeman-Julius. 1923. Project Gutenberg. 29 Mar. http://www.gutenberg.org/\r\n'