1920s Prohibition and the Rise in Crime essays

1920s Prohibition and the Rise in Crime essays In 1933 the Prohibition on Alcohol was repealed, and the consumption of alcohol was finally made legal, soon after this legalization, Congress passed a law making laws against drugs in the United States. It has been determined by many scholars that ending alcohol prohibition was more harmful in the United States than as it was beneficial. Shortly after this time, a major drug problem began to arise, and the United States has been faced with a drug was ever since. If not for the legalizing of alcohol it is quite possible that our drug epidemic in the U.S. may have been avoided. In 1920, Congress passed the Eighteenth Amendment making alcohol consumption illegal. "The Eighteenth or Prohibition Amendment passed both houses of Congress in December 1917 and was ratified by three-fourths of the 48 state legislatures 13 months later. From 1920 until 1933, the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol was prohibited in the United States./ As with tobacco, the opiates, and cocaine, the legislation failed to create a general climate of abstention. And where there was a populace of willing consumers, supply was still able to keep pace with demand." It was very obvious that during the thirteen years that this act was in effect that there was still a major amount of alcohol being supplied in the country. Many organized crime bosses were in power and dispensing of alcohol and producing all over the country, not to mention local people making it themselves. "Alcohol remained available during Prohibition. People still got drunk, still became alcoholics, still s uffered delirium tremens. Drunken drivers remained a frequent menace on the highways... The courts, jails, hospitals, and mental hospitals were still filled with drunks..." The amendment only had one positive repercussion during its time and that was it did cause fewer people in the United States to consume alcohol. It was very obvious to Congress that the law was ineffective, an...

Rutherford B. Hayes Biography - 19th President of the US

Rutherford B. Hayes Biography - 19th President of the US    Rutherford B. Hayess Childhood and Education: Hayes was born into a family that had a long history of military service. Both his grandparents fought in the American Revolution. Born on October 4, 1822 in Delaware, Ohio eleven weeks after his fathers death, Hayes was raised by his mother. He attended a Methodist school and a college preparatory academy before attending Kenyon College. He graduated first in his class. He then studied law before entering Harvard Law School. He graduated in 1845 and was admitted to the bar. Family Ties: Hayes was born to Rutherford Hayes, a merchant and farmer, and Sophia Birchard Hayes. He had one sister named Fanny A. Platt. On December 30, 1852, Hayes married Lucy Ware Webb. She would later be dubbed  Lemonade Lucy for her banning of alcohol at the White House. Together, they had four sons and one daughter.   Rutherford B. Hayess Career Before the Presidency: In 1845, Hayes began practicing law in Ohio. From 1858-61, he served as the Cincinnati City Solicitor. Hayes served in the Civil War, rising to the rank of major general of volunteers. He showed valor on the battlefield having been wounded several times. He resigned soon after Lee surrendered in 1865. Hayes was quickly elected as a U.S. Representative serving from 1865-67. In 1868, Hayes became the Governor of Ohio. He served from 1868-1872 and again from 1876-77 when he became President. Becoming the President: In 1876, Republicans chose Hayes to run for president. He was opposed by Democrat Samuel J. Tilden who won the popular vote. However, the vote in three Republican-controlled states was in confusion. Tilden only needed one electoral vote to win while Hayes needed every vote from all three. When doing the recount, many Democratic ballots were ruled invalid in Florida and Louisiana. A investigative commission voted 8-7 along party lines to give all the electoral votes to Hayes allowing him to win. Events and Accomplishments of Rutherford B. Hayes’s Presidency: Hayes began his administration with the Compromise of 1877 by which military occupation of the South ended. This helped satisfy Southerners who were upset over the results of the election. Currency and whether silver should be bought and turned into coins or whether instead greenbacks should be redeemable in gold was in contention. The Bland-Allison Act passed in 1878 over Hayes veto required the government to buy silver in order to create more coins. The idea was that increased availability of money would help farmers and debtors. In 1879, the Resuption of Specie Act passed that backed greenbacks created after January 1, 1879 to be redeemable in gold. In 1880, Hayes had his Secretary of State create a pact with China which restricted Chinese immigration due to an anti-Chinese movement out west. This was a compromise because Hayes had vetoed a bill which didnt allow Chinese to immigrate at all. Post-Presidential Period: Hayes never planned to run for a second term in office and retired in 1881. He spent the rest of his life devoted to causes of importance to him such as providing scholarships to African Americans and encouraging temperance. He was also one of the trustees of Ohio State University. He died on January 17, 1893 of a heart attack. Historical Significance: President Hayes had strongly held views which he pushed forward throughout his administration. He believed in and proposed civil service reform measures. Further, he set down a policy that a canal in Central America could only be under American control as the French were attempting to create one during his administration. This would eventually lead to the development of the Panama Canal.

Tattoos in Greece and Rome Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tattoos in Greece and Rome - Term Paper Example Pictures of people who have their noses marked on both sides with the four tattooed historical lines were found on the Aveyron’s and Tarn’s prehistoric stones in France. â€Å"Drawings and figurines discovered in a Thracian burial mound near Philippopolis may depict tattooed people, but considering the complexity of the decorations it is more likely that these represent body painting or finely worked figurines† (Tattoo Temple, n.d.). People in Greece and Rome added their own cultural touches as they inherited the art of tattooing, thus taking it to the next level. Archeologists have readily found tattooed mummies from various parts of the world which suggests how common a practice it has been for a long time in history. Tattoos today are an insignia of fashion and style. The contemporary society has endorsed tattoos as a means of styling. The trend of under-skin inking has been around for thousands of years. This paper discusses the history of tattoos in ancient Greece and Rome. The history of tattooing in Europe commences with the ancient historians of Greek and Roman origin. The Greeks inherited the art of tattooing from the Persians, while the Romans gained it from the Greeks. In the early Greek time followed by the early Roman time, tattooing was a practice linked with the barbarians. According to Herodotus, tattoos were voluntarily associated by the Greeks with the barbarians, including the Thracian women known as the Maenads who assassinated Orpheus because of his homosexual concerns with their husbands. â€Å"Herodotus was the first to use the root â€Å"stig† as in the pejorative â€Å"stigma† to refer to tattoos as a mark (estichthai) or a â€Å"pricking†Ã¢â‚¬  (Random History, 2008). In the ancient times, tattooing was used as a tool to differentiate between the criminals and/or the slaves and the rest of the people of the society. Prisoners and slaves were tattooed the name of Xerxes. Occasionally, tattoos were also used to send secret messages across the lines of enemies. Criminals and slaves were tattooed so that they would have an irremovable mark on their skin to help others identify them as such. This was done intentionally to discourage the criminals and slaves from running away as attempts to escape were common among the two. Later, the Romans used tattoos to pick out deserters as the Roman army was chiefly composed of the mercenaries. The use of tattoos by the early Greek and Romans suggests that their chief use was punishment as has been mentioned by various authors of the Greek and the Roman origin. Tattoos have been discussed in a punitive sense by such Greek authors as Aristophanes, Xenophon, Herodus, Aeschines and Aelius Aristides (Jones, 2000). Plato was of the opinion that a temple robber should be tattooed on the forehead and the hands to have a trace of the offense while Bion of Borysthenes said that his father’s face was more of a document because of intense tattooing because o f his status of a slave. The process of tattooing has been recorded by the ancient Roman authors. Aetius is one such Roman physician who described the process of applying and removing a tattoo along with the formula for making the tattoo ink in his famous book; Medicae artis principles. At one point, Plato expressed the opinion that tattoos should be placed on people found guilty of sacrilege and thus, they should be expelled from the Republic. Likewise, â€Å"Suetone, a early writer reports that the degenerate and sadistic Roman Emperor, Caligula, amused himself by capriciously ordering

Review of the Separation of Powers Section of the Federalist Papers Essay

Review of the Separation of Powers Section of the Federalist Papers 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 - Essay Example This paper seeks to focus on sections federalist paper. Federalist Papers #47 In this essay, the principle of separation of power is addressed. At the time, the constitution was opposed, as it was perceived to breach separation of power. Those against asserted that the three arms of government are not adequately distinct and independent and power was irregularly distributed. Their worry was that the government would fail, and that freedom would be affected. Madison concurs with this notion on separation of power, mainly on the threat posed by unequal distribution of power. He claims that excessive authority in one branch is a recipe for authoritarian rule and it did not matter the number of men in authority. He claims that no further argument was needed if claims were objective. In contrast, he asserts that these claims lacked basis. He relies on Montesquieu, French in supporting his argument. Montesquieu relied on British constitution as his model. Montesquieu points out that the go vernment branches in constitution are not absolutely separate or distinct. British king could intervene in legislative function when signing treaties. On the other hand, the king has authority of hiring and firing judges. ... Federalist Papers #48 This essay propounds that the three branches needed not be absolutely separate and independent. It argues that each branch of government required minimum power to control the other two. Each branch is given some power by the constitution; however, it was to be controlled to avoid overexploitation of the power. He wrote that it was essential to differentiate between the three branches to be able to protect legal power vested on each branch of government. Madison concurs that conflict of interest are likely to arise due to power overlap. He states that theoretical checks expounded by the constitution are not adequate. He argues that the original drafters of republican government failed to draft laws that could check legislature. This created ways for legislature to abuse its power. He concurs that in hereditary monarchy the king is feared, likewise in direct democracies executive is feared, as legislature is ineffective in controlling powers of executive. This is because in direct democracies, the size of legislature is enormous, and power is scattered hence solving conflict is a challenge. In their envisaged government, the legislature was more likely to abuse the power as more power had been granted to it. On the other hand, legislature controlled a huge chunk of the money and controlled salaries paid to government employees. This was a recipe for corrupt dealing. In comparison presidential and judicial power was just simple and under extreme regulation. There existed no chance for the two branches to breach authority vested on the congress and any attempt was easy to detect (Project Gutenberg, 1992). Federalist Papers #49 Jefferson highlighted the

Oppression in the Twentieth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oppression in the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Much of the definition of oppression is attributed to its nineteenth-century roots. Particularly, the works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, and John Stuart Mill were pivotal in outlining the systematic nature of oppression, which has tremendous influence in its modern forms. On the one hand, the works and philosophies of Gandhi, de Beauvoir, Malcolm X, among others, have added dimensions to oppression, updating its conception to contemporary twentieth century. Imperialism and colonization dominated the discourse on oppression especially during the early part of the 20th century. From Africa, Asia to Latin America, there was a wave of liberation movements that demonstrated various experiences of oppression and the attempts to be free from it. One of these experiences is the emergence of conflicts such as World War II wherein colonies were expected to provide warm bodies to fight in the frontlines as well as supply the raw materials and augment the war chest of their masters. The wartime sacrifices underscore a form of oppression that has permeated since the previous century and has spilled over to the 20th. Then, individual experiences amidst the dawn of modernity and the increased contact of people from various part of the globe gave rise to the growth of nationalism. This aspect is highlighted in the case of Gandhi. He is one of the most vocal advocates of decolonization in Asia. Gandhi’s crusade for India’s independence fro m Britain was inspired by personal maltreatment as he was building his career in Africa as a lawyer. As a non-white person, he experienced being thrown out of first-class train car, barred from certain hotel rooms and beaten for no reason but his color. Gandhi’s philosophy behind the liberation movement he launched underscored a kind of oppression India experienced in its relationship with Britain.  

Performance Management and the Law

Performance Management and the Law Carlos M Garcia   Introduction: Within an organization there are many different ways to follow and obeyed employees regulations laws. These laws are governed by federal, state and judicial legislation, made to avoid lawsuits, discrimination, and to equalize bargaining power between employers and employees. According to (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), information would be required based on employees performance management to take further action either against or in favor of the individual. It is legally allowed to support supervisors/ managers and the organization in case of legal action from an employee. To approach these situations, the organization should follow certain steps to be fair to its employees and meet the U.S. federal regulations laws for employee personnel actions. To minimize the risk of employee-initiated litigation, employers must develop a checklist with the points necessary to ensure compliance with fair, consistent and legally sound performance evaluation systems. Such as, Inform employees in advance of performance evaluation standards. When hiring a new employee or adopting new standards, supervisors must update job descriptions and performance assessment forms, and copies should be given to all affected employees. Document all performance problems on a regular basis and on appropriate evaluation or gradual disciplinary action forms it should be very important for the records. An accurate format for conducting the evaluations allows the most complete and accurate recording of the information. Informality, on the other hand, can lead to discrimination claims. Federal and state laws prohibit discrimination in the workplace under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Miller, F., n.d.). Also, give employees meaningful feedback because a vague, generalized or subjective assessments can lead to litigation. For example, when bosses tolerate an employee with performance problems for months and then suddenly give him a negative assessment and dismiss him, the employee can claim that the action was arbitrary or discriminatory and may be able to show that he was not given an opportunity to improve. Therefore, it should be essential to train supervisors in evaluating employee performance and how to manage the companys assessment system. Every organizations policies and procedures must comply based on federal and state laws related to employees, which allows equal employment opportunity, sexual harassment, safety, and much more. It is the organizations responsibility to provide every employee the policies and procedures related to federal laws such as the standards of conduct, nondiscrimination, benefits, etc. At Comcast, every employee must have a policy pocket book with them at all the time, and every year they need to review the handbook and acknowledge it. The organization must maintain new and old employees informed about U.S. federal regulation equally to all employees. A performance evaluation based on invalid outcomes can lead to adverse impacts, such as, discrimination, involve personal issues, and other situations that can lead to legal actions. For the same reason, legally defensible performance evaluation system must be implemented. Therefore, evaluators must personally know employees performance. The system adverse impact it will always exist some way or another, but it could minimize by continuous system reviews to keep a positive performance appraisal and fairly to all employees equally. Based on (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), by including contextual performance as part of the job performance criteria will actually reduce adverse impact in selection since the predictors of contextual performance have little adverse impact (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), There are different methods to evaluate performance management within an organization. Since it is not an easy task to assess the performance management to all individuals using criteria of fairness and justice, and at the same time stimulating them (Gilliland, S. Langdon, J., 1998). Therefore, to ensure fairness in the performance process: The organization should develop a system where all employees meets the needs as customers, this way the evaluation will reflect how customers would rate them, if employees do not accept the performance appraisal outcomes the system will not meet the needs and it will result in a conflict (Gilliland, S. Langdon, J., 1998). The opportunity to evaluate managers and supervisors will give employee a sense of fairness. It will help to impove the organization on various different aspect, it will help to identify any issues within the workplace related to sexual harassment, discrimination, favoritism, etc. Value employees opinions and let them participate in situations where the individual can be valued for his/ her performance. Conclusion Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives proposed by the organizations, they must have a suitable staff to compete in the demanding business environment. Therefore, it is important to express that the performance evaluation plays a fundamental role in the companies since through it is possible to determine which is more competent personnel to carry out the activities inherent to the positions. It can be concluded that when considering the human resource as a decisive factor and an important asset, well-defined performance evaluation policies must be implemented to detect failures within organizations, in order to achieve favorable changes in their structure and performance, and maintain a relationship of justice and fairness with all workers. References Gilliland, S.S., Langdon, J.C. (1998). Creating performance management systems that  promote systems of fairness. Josey Bass, 209-243 Miller, F. (n.d.). Ethical discrimination in the workplace. Retrieved on March 22, 2017,  from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-discrimination-workplace-1408.html (Links to an external site.) Smither, J. W., London, M. (Eds.). (2009). Performance management: Putting research into  action (Vol. 21). John Wiley Sons.

Richard Feynman :: essays research papers fc

Richard Philip Feynman was born in New York City on May 11th 1918 to a middle class family that lived on the Southern tip of Manhattan. He grew up in a household where both of his parents poured into him their best qualities. His mother, Lucille, instilled in Richard a powerful sense of humor, which would be essential in forming his magnetic personality and eccentric lecturing style. His father, Melville, decided before Richard was born that if he were a boy, he would grow up to be a scientist, something that Melville himself had always wanted to be. And so guided subtly by his father, and given the power to laugh by his mother, Richard was set on a course that would eventually lead him to become a legend. At a young age it was apparent that he was scientifically inclined. In school, he was interested in all things scientific and loved math. At one point he even gave thought to becoming a mathematician. After high school, he went to MIT to study physics, and after four years of that he went to Princeton as a graduate student. During this time in his life, he became engaged to his high school sweetie, Arline Greenbaum. Halfway into his education at Princeton, Arline was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and was not given many years to live. So Richard married her and put his doctoral thesis on hold. Shortly after their marriage, a friend of Richard, Robert Wilson, came to Richard and told him that the government of America was looking for the finest physicists to help construct the atomic bomb. Otherwise known as the Manhattan project. At first Richard said no, but eventually his patriotism won over and he agreed to join the project. Upon agreeing to join the project, he moved to Los Alamos, where the research facility was located and Arline could move to a hospital in Albuquerque. In July 1945, Arline, the love of Richards life, finally succumbed to the dreaded tuberculosis she had been fighting all of this time. To escape the pain, he immersed himself in his work and the 1st atomic bomb ever was ready for detonation very quickly. With his work at Los Alamos done, Richard took a teaching position at Cornell University where he became depressed and believed that his life's work was behind him. But as he was stewing in his own depression, more and more of the top universities were sending more and more lucrative professorships his way.

The Fall of the City

These were rounded by humbler dwellings made from matchboxes and the covers of exercise books. The streets and alleys were full of nobles, peasants and soldiers, their two- dimensional bodies scissors from paper, theirs faces and clothing drawn in crayon and lead pencil. From the turreted roof of the palace, hung a green, white and gold atrocious, the flag of the Kingdom of Pauli Somber gray eyes glinted in teddy's pale, triangular face. He shoved his hands deeper in the pockets of his worn khaki shorts. He decided that what he heard was not the rattle of rain on the roof and window, but the muffled roar of distant cannon.The armies of the Emperor Gang of Donovan were attacking the fortifications on the Upland frontier! Teddy inhaled deeply and held his breath, his thin chest pressing against his sweat shirt. His Majesty King Theodore l, resplendent In the red and black uniform of a generalissimo, emerged on the balcony of his winter palace In Thoroughbred, capital of the Kingdom of Pauli. Through the square below rode squadrons of lancers, dragoons and hussars, batteries of horse artillery; behind them marched regiments of infantry. Grasping the diamond-studded hilt of his sword. King Theodore watched his army march out to give battle to the enemy.This would be the third war between Donovan and Pauli. The first had been fought in the year 2032 and had ended in the defeat of the Emperor Gang and his imprisonment on the Isle of Hawks. But he had escaped through the treachery of Kill, Duke of Enders, a general In the upland army, and In 2043 the Donovan had invaded Pauli a second time, aided by the renegade force under the command of Kill. This time, they conquered Thoroughbred and massacred the populace before being routed by King Theodore. On the day of victory, the Duke of Enders was roughs to Thoroughbred in chains and hanged in the city square.The Emperor Gang was as evil and cunning as the If Munch about whom Teddy had read in books. Tow, astride a black wa r-horse, he directed his troops as they besieged For Lion on the Ocarina River. Hopelessly outnumbered, the defenders rallied behind their commander, Duke Lanai of Carla, and prayed for the coming of King Theodore . . . â€Å"Teddy! † FIFO He opened the door. Mien? † he called sulkily. â€Å"Come down here this minute and get ready for supper! How many times do I have to call you? † â€Å"Okay, okay, I'm coming'! † -?And be quick about it! † â€Å"I'm coming', I told huh! She stood in the hall, a tall, stooped woman with tired, suspicious eyes. â€Å"Seems to me that you're spending a lot of time in that attic. † She wiped red, swollen hands on her apron. Mimi been into some mischief up there? † He shrugged impatiently. â€Å"I anti been doing' nothing' -? Just playing',† he told her sullenly. â€Å"Well, young man, you better wipe that scowl off your face and march to the bathroom and get ready for supper. † miss, ma'am,à ¢â‚¬  he enunciated carefully. During supper, he was scarcely aware of what he ate; he was so deep in thought hat his pork chop tasted no different from his whipped cream and Jell.Mechanically, he obeyed his aunt when she told him to take smaller bites and to take his elbows off the table. He was pondering on the tactics that would have to be used by King Theodore in relieving the siege of the fort by the river. If the Upland army crossed the Tableland marshes, they might succeed in encircling the Donovan, but there was the risk that their cannon would founder in the morass. On the other hand, if they scaled the Theodore mountains †¦ â€Å"Look what you're doing, for heaven's sake! † His aunt glared at him. Don't say ‘huh† when you answer me. Look what you've done!You've spilled cream all over yourself. † Blushing, he rubbed at his sweat shirt with a paper napkin. â€Å"He's got his head in the clouds again. † His uncle laughed mirthlessly. â₠¬Å"Half the time, he doesn't know whether he's living on earth or on Mars. † Out of the corner of his eye, Teddy looked at his uncle's round, florid face and reflected on the resemblance to Kill, Duke of Enders. â€Å"Well, he'd better smarten up if he knows what's good for him,† his aunt grated. â€Å"If he doesn't, I know something that will smarten him,† his uncle said. He laughed gain and reached for another helping of potatoes.Behind him, cloudy white marbles of rain slid down the window. Suddenly, a cold shiver ran down Teddy's spine. What if the Donovan attacked Thoroughbred while the king and his army were in the mountains? Old Gang was cunning as a serpent. If .. â€Å"He spent most of the afternoon in the attic,† his aunt said. His uncle gave him a disdainful look. â€Å"He Just about lives up there, doesn't he? † miss. I think it's about time that one of us went up there and found out what he's been doing. † â€Å"No! † Teddy cried sharply. His uncle laid down his knife and fork. Look here mister, I don't like your tone of voice.Have you been up to some of your monkey-shines up there? Mimi better not be, not if you want to be able to sit down the rest of the week. † The man resumed eating. â€Å"After supper, I'll take a look and see Just what you have been doing,† he said. As his aunt gathered up the dishes, his uncle went into the living room and sat down in his easy chair to read his newspaper. Teddy sat by the window and looked out at the rain. The sodden grass of the lawn had turned a darker green and foaming rivers of rainwater ran down the street. He shut his eyes. Here in the kitchen, he loud not hear the strumming of the rain on the roof.There was no rumble of Donovan cannon. He frowned and rested his chin in an upturned palm. Anyhow, the cannon were only playthings: scraps of cardboard held together with cellophane tape. What did it matter if his uncle saw them, or even destroyed them? But it did matter. Thoroughbred had been growing for a year and , often, it seemed more real that the town, the street and the home in which he lived with his uncle and aunt. Muffed better get at your homework. You won't get it done by sitting there mooning out the window,† his aunt told him. Mien. He fetched exercise books and spread them on the table.His aunt and uncle did not mean to be cruel, he knew. From time to time, by their acts and words, they showed that they were fond of him. Twice that summer, his uncle had taken him trout fishing and on both occasions there had been something subtly warm between them. And sometimes he detected a hint of affection in his aunt's voice even as she nagged him. But . His uncle stood in the doorway between kitchen and living room, his shoulders shaking with laughter. Muffed never guess what that kid has been doing up there! † He shook his head in ender and amusement. Teddy flushed and stiffened.His aunt turned from the sink where she was drying the last of the supper dishes. â€Å"What's he been up to, now? † mound never believe it, but that great big lummox has been playing with paper dolls! † â€Å"Paper dolls! † his aunt laughed dubiously. â€Å"They anti paper dolls,† Teddy mumbled. He pushed his chair back from the table and stood up. â€Å"They looked pretty much like paper dolls to me. Paper dolls and doll houses. And eleven-year-old boy! † The man choked, trying to restrain his laughter. â€Å"The next thing we know, you'll be wanting us to put skirts on you! † l never heard of such a thing.Paper dolls! † â€Å"They anti dolls, I told you! † Teddy's fists were clenched, his arms stiff by his sides, his voice shaking. His uncle pointed a warning finger. â€Å"Don't get saucy now, mister. I know paper dolls when I see ‘me. † Once again he burst into laughter. His cheeks were the color of a tomato. â€Å"Sit down and finish your homework, Teddy,† his aunt said. To his surprise, her voice was not harsh: it contained a suggestion of weary sympathy. He resumed his returned to the living room and picked up his newspaper. Paper dolls! His uncle had said that he should be dressed in skirts and hair boons.And he could never explain; they would never let him explain. Theodore, King of Pauli, and all his armies -? paper dolls! He slumped, doodling on the paper before him so that his aunt would think he was working. Yes, they were paper dolls. There was no king Theodore, no Emperor Gang, no Thoroughbred, no Pauli, no Donovan. There was only an attic full of preposterous cardboard buildings and ridiculous paper people. It was still daylight when he finished his homework. The rain had stopped, but water still poured from the elms along the street.When Teddy went through the paving room, his uncle did not speak, but he glanced up from his newspaper and grinned slyly. The boy was blushing to the roots of this hair as he opened the hall door and started up the stairs. The city was as he had left it. Yet everything had changed. Always before when he had come here, his flesh had tingled, his eyes had shone with excitement. Now there was only a taste like that of a spoilt nutmeat. He bent and seized the cardboard palace. Gritting his teeth and grunting, he tore at its walls. The corrugated board was sturdy: he was crying by the time he finished tearing it to shreds.

Government Censorship Essays - Content-control Software, Free Essays

Government Censorship Essays - Content-control Software, Free Essays Government Censorship Thesis: Government Censorship would damage the atmosphere of the freedom to express ideas on the Internet; therefore, government should not encourage censorship. Introduction I. In the Internet community, there is a large volume of technical terms. For this reason, it is first necessary to examine the terminology specific to Internet. 1.The internet is a world wide computer network. 1.Electronic mail (email), which is one component of the Internet, approximates person to person letters, memoranda, notes and even phone calls. 2.Another term that is often used is electronic news (enews/Usenet), enews is a broadcast, free to the Internet medium. 3.The term FTP is also frequently used. File transfer protocol (FTP) started as an Internet archival and retrieval medium, somewhat analogous to traditional libraries. 4.The world-wide web (WWW), which is another component of the Net, can be used to publish material that would traditionally appear in journals, magazines, posters, books, television and even on film. 2.It is also essential to give a brief history on the internet. 3.The U.S. government is now trying to pass bills to prevent misuse of the Net. II. In order to understand the need for the ever-growing body of legislation, it is important to explore the controversy, and the current problems involved with the Net as it exists must be introduced. 1.The problem that concerns most people is offensive materials such as pornography. 2.Another crucial internet crime is the stealing of credit card numbers. III. One reaction to this inapplicability has been the Censor the Net approach (the censorship bill), we are now to compare its advantages and disadvantages. 1.First, the meaning of Censoring the Net must be explained. 2.However, many experts have pointed out that government censorship is not possible. 1.First, it is not fair to exclude the freedom and damage the atmosphere of freely expressing ideas just for the safety of children. 2.Most internet users are enjoying their freedom of speech on the Net, which is supposed to be protected by our First Amendment. 3.Additionally, only a very small portion of the Net contains offensive material, most people do not use the Net for pornography. 4.It must be understood that censoring the Net is technically impossible. 5.While people are concerned about Internet pornography, it should be recognized that pornography is sometimes legal; for example, pornography is legal in video and magazines. IV. There are many alternative measures to government censorship which would prevent misuse of the Net and would have the same effects as censorship. 1.It is very important for parents to provide moral guidance for their children, and parents should have this responsibility. 2.However, at the same time as we carry out moral guidance, we have to come out with some short term approaches to solve the problem in a more efficient way as well. 3.An alternative to government censorship is the technological fix, which would prevent misuse of the Net and would have the same effects as government censorship. 1.One example of technological fix is the SurfWatch software. 2.Also, commercial Internet service providers, such as America Online, allow parents to control what Internet relay chat (IRC) sessions are available to their children. 3.Another technological fix is for parents and guardians to have a separate proxy server for their children's web browser. 4.There are no computer programs to automatically and reliably classify material; only people can do it. As a result, while practicing technological fixes, the classification of the contents of the material when posting is very important. 5.Nowadays, most internet users classify their postings with standard categories, and leave signatures at the end of postings. 6.The combination of the installation of censoring software and the classification of materials is a much better solution than government censorship. Conclusion Bibliography The Internet is a wonderful place of entertainment and education but like all places used by millions of people, it has some murky corners people would prefer children not to explore. In the physical world society as a whole conspires to protect children, but there are no social or physical constraints to Internet surfing. The Internet Censorship Bill of 1995, also known as the Exon/Coats Communications Decency Act, has been introduced in the U.S. Congress. It would make it a criminal offense to make available to children anything that is indecent, or to send anything indecent with intent to annoy, abuse, threaten, or harass (Stop the Communications ... n.p.). The goal of this bill as written (though not

Emetic and anti-emetic drugs Essays

Emetic and anti-emetic drugs Essays Emetic and anti-emetic drugs Essay Emetic and anti-emetic drugs Essay The Necessity Worlds are basically animate beings, and in true Darwinian manner, endurance is cardinal. The procedure of vomit, or purging, can frequently be regarded as a defensive mechanism adopted by worlds and other animate beings. One illustration of this is utilizing vomit to change by reversal the potentially deathly error of eating a toxicant substance. If the organic structures natural defense mechanisms failed to recognize the danger of the foreign toxin in the blood watercourse, it may be indispensable to bring on vomit. Hence, a demand for emetic drugs arose, drugs which would excite the organic structure s natural defense mechanisms and promote emesis. However, non all emesis is a defensive physiological reaction, such as gesture illness, or the sickness associated with gestation, both of which cause no biological menace to the being of the homo. The utmost vomit suffered by chemotherapy patients is another strong cause for drugs to let control over the purging procedure, and so the n ecessity for anti-emetic drugs besides arose. The Emetic Response The act of vomit is in fact a reasonably complex one, necessitating the co-ordination of the bodily respiratory and abdominal musculuss, and the musculuss of the GI piece of land. Two subdivisions of the myelin map to modulate the event of vomit, the chemoreceptor trigger zone ( CTZ ) and the emesis Centre. The CTZ is located in the country postrema, on the floor of the 4th ventricle of the encephalon, and is sensitive to chemical stimuli nowadays in the plasma. Many drugs can be used to antagonize substances working on the CTZ, making the country of the encephalon via the blood watercourse. The blood-brain barrier around the CTZ is permeable, leting drugs to move straight on it. The purging Centre is, nevertheless, used to organize the existent event of vomit, modulating the motion of smooth and striated musculus. The CTZ transmits signals to the purging Centre when a stimuli Acts of the Apostless upon the CTZ, doing the activation of the emetic physiological reaction. Emetic Drugs As antecedently stated, sometimes vomit is a desirable procedure, such as in the event of get downing a toxic substance. It is besides, possibly [ a spot irishly ] , necessary to advance purging in the trial for anti-emetic drugs. The chief emetic drug that is used is Ipecacuanha, which contains two substance, emetine and cephaeline, which irritate the GI piece of land to do the patient to puke. However, migranes and dyspepsia are common side effects Gesture Illness Vomit can be induced without any influence from foreign substances within the organic structure. Motion illness is a premier illustration of this, and has no biological significance on the being of worlds. In the procedure of gesture illness, the maze in the vestibular setup of the ear is moved in a certain manner. This relays a signal to the floor of the 4th ventricle, but the mechanism of motion of the signal to the CTZ is yet unknown. It has been hypothesised that the cerebellum may perchance move as a 2nd relay Centre, but as the CTZ merely responds to chemicals in the plasma, the synaptic pulsations from the relay Centres could non move straight upon it. However, although the mechanism of gesture illness is non yet to the full known, many drugs for gesture illness have been designed, antagonizing the H1 and muscarinic receptors. H1-receptor adversaries Histamine H1 receptor adversaries can forestall vomit by viing with histamine on the H1-receptor sites. The precise mechanism of action is yet unknown, but it has been thought that the administered antihistamine competitively blocks the H1-receptors of the vestibular setup, cut downing sensitiveness, and can move straight on the intestine, which, in bend, relieves the emesis associated with gesture illness. Furthermore, first-generation H1-receptor adversary may besides barricade the chemoreceptor trigger zone, and act on the karyon of the lone piece of land ( brain-stem ) by traversing the blood-brain barrier, forestalling purging in the patient. However, this intervention is chiefly effectual if administered before the oncoming of vomit, though may pull off to assist command vomit once it has began. As can be seem from the chemical construction antonym, the general construction of H1-receptor adversaries can be portrayed merely. Many first-generation antihistamines cause sleepiness as a really common side consequence, due to the anticholinergic belongingss of the drug. However, this anticholinergic belongings can besides move as an anti-emetic, doing the first-generation antihistamine drugs more effectual. Muscarinic-receptor adversaries Muscarinic receptor adversaries.Good for bar of gesture illness. hyoscine ( Transderm-Scop ) Para4: ( working on tummy ) muscarinic receptor adversary Side effects, ways it works, jobs, constructions, point out where it acts, and how the construction makes it move in that manner. Explain how the drug interferes with the normal vomit procedure. Muscarinic-receptor adversaries ( Chapter 7 ) Hyoscine active against sickness and emesis caused by the stimulation of the maze ( ear ) , and against substances which act on the tummy straight, but non against things which act on the CTZ. ( same as H1 ) Hyoscine is best agent for bar of gesture illness, but less utile one time sickness occurs. Effect extremums after 1-2 hours after consumption, can besides be given transdermally ( via the tegument like a nicotine spot ) , and is normally put behind the ear. Unwanted side effects: sleepiness, dry oral cavity. ( other side effects can include blurring vision and keeping of urine, but do nt usually happen at the doses given for anti-emetic effects ) Reference List: Hawthorn, Jan. Understanding and Management of Nausea and Vomiting, Blackwell Science, 1st Edition, 1995 Rang and Dale Bartholow, Roberts. Ipecacuanha, A Practical Treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Appleton and Company, 1908

Database Apps SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Database Apps SLP - Essay Example Furthermore, the SQL Server database has many more features of storing, retrieving, and updating data as compared to the Microsoft Excel. Basically, the Microsoft Excel is utilized for storing less data comparatively in the form of columns and rows. The video moves on explaining the uses of the SQL Server database in the websites and the software applications. It is established in the video that the SQL Server database is used to store information received from the interface of the website. In actual, the forms of the website take information from the users over the internet and then the website sends all the information to the database. The SQL Server database is utilized for managing and maintaining data similarly in the software application. The video ends while illumination of the SQL Server 2005 Express Edition is a software tool / application allows creating and managing databases for the software applications to be developed. Overall, the video is one of the best techniques for the beginners learning SQL Server database and the database management systems. The title of the second video is â€Å"Understanding Database Tables and Records† pertains to the development of databases, tables and rows. The video contains information on how to develop a new database in the SQL Server 2005 Express Edition. It is necessary to create tables right after the creation of the database. However, the video informs that before creating the tables, there are certain concepts required to be cleared include, but not limited to the data types, primary key, foreign key and candidate key. The video gives details that each and every table should have a primary key and demonstrates on how to create the primary key in the SQL Server 2005 Express Edition. Similarly, the video enlightens the diverse data types which can be applied to each column / attributes of the table so that the data which fulfil the data type can be stored in

What are the implications of globalisation for democracy Essay

What are the implications of globalisation for democracy - Essay Example istant others live in a different continent and time zone, yet electronic communications have rendered the differences of time and space insignificant. We have become more interdependent and the contemporary world can best be referred to asa global village or a shrinking world (Held and McGrew 2003, 3). If modernity was about the power of the nation state and the legitimization of the state action through traditional democracy, then globalisation would clearly have a significant impact but probably not in the contemplated way. Globalisation is usually associated with the decline of the nation state and the rise of pan national government, international organisations like the World Bank, UN and some of the most powerful TNC’s. Yet for Heldalthough state sovereignty has waned and their freedom to act has also declined in the face of globalisation, yet they have also seen resurgence. Problems associated with globalisation such as damage to the environment, overpopulation and migration have all been addressed by different nations. Revision Aid: Two way argument that nation states are in decline because of globalisation and pan national government but also that states are resurgent because they attempt to rise to the challenges presented by globalisation. Furthermore, in terms of democracy, the bureaucracy flourishes through the networks of ICT. Notions of infocracy and the transparent citizenship come into being as more and more personal information is held about us. This has consequences for democracy as we are encouraged to participate through Held’s plebiscitary democracy by channelling our wants and preferences to government through ICT. One might argue that such a process might as well develop a sense in us as to where we may pass on such inputs to the pan national organisations (Dijk 2000, 11). Revision aid: as governments make greater use of ICT, so they collect more information about us but we may also have greater opportunities to communicate political