Julia Morgan, About the Architect of Hearst Castle

Julia Morgan, About the Architect of Hearst Castle Most popular for the rich Hearst Castle, Julia Morgan likewise planned open scenes for the YWCA just as several homes in California. Morgan rebuilded San Francisco after the seismic tremor and flames of 1906-aside from the chime tower at Mills College, which she had just intended to endure the harm. It despite everything stands. Foundation: Conceived: January 20, 1872 in San Francisco, California Passed on: February 2, 1957, at age 85. Covered at Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California Training: 1890: Graduated from Oakland High School, California1894: Earned a degree in structural building from the University of California, BerkeleyWhile at Berkeley, tutored by draftsman Bernard MaybeckTwice dismissed by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in ParisEntered and won a few significant design rivalries in Europe1896: Accepted by the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and turned into the principal lady to move on from that school with a degree in engineering Vocation Highlights and Challenges: 1902-1903: Worked for John Galen Howard, University Architect in Berkeley1904: Established her own training in San Francisco1906: Office wrecked in a fire brought about by the 1906 quake; Morgan built up another office1919: Newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst recruited Morgan to structure his San Simeon bequest, Hearst Castle1920s: Problems with her internal ear required medical procedure that mutilated Morgans face and influenced her balance1923: Fires in Berkeley decimated numerous homes planned by Morgan1951: Morgan shut her office and passed on six years later2014: Posthumously granted the most elevated respect of the American Institute of Architects and raised to the College of Fellows (FAIA). Morgan was the main lady to be given the AIA Gold Medal. Chosen Buildings by Julia Morgan: 1904: Campanile (chime tower), Mills College, Oakland, California1913: Asilomar, Pacific Grove, CA1917: Livermore House, San Francisco, CA1922: The Hacienda, William Randolph Hearsts home at Valley of the Oaks, CA1922-1939: San Simeon (Hearst Castle), San Simeon, CA1924-1943: Wyntoon, Mount Shasta, CA1927: Laniakea YWCA, Honolulu, HI1929: The Berkeley City Club, Berkeley, CA About Julia Morgan: Julia Morgan was one of Americas generally significant and productive designers. Morgan was the primary lady to consider design at the lofty Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris and the main lady to function as an expert modeler in California. During her 45-year vocation, she structured in excess of 700 homes, places of worship, places of business, clinics, stores, and instructive structures. Like her coach, Bernard Maybeck, Julia Morgan was a diverse planner who worked in an assortment of styles. She was known for her meticulous craftsmanship and for planning insides that consolidated the proprietors assortments of workmanship and collectibles. A considerable lot of Julia Morgans structures included Arts and Crafts components, for example, uncovered help beamshorizontal lines that mix into the landscapeextensive utilization of wooden shinglesearth coloringsCalifornia redwood and other characteristic materials After the California tremor and flames of 1906, Julia Morgan got commissions to reconstruct Fairmont Hotel, St. Johns Presbyterian Church, and numerous other significant structures in and around San Francisco. Of the many homes that Julia Morgan structured, she is maybe generally celebrated for Hearst Castle in San Simeon, California. For almost 28 years, skilled workers toiled to make William Randolph Hearsts wonderful home. The domain has 165 rooms, 127 sections of land of nurseries, delightful patios, indoor and open air pools, and a selective private zoo. Hearst Castle is one of the biggest and most expand homes in the United States. Find out More: Julia Morgan Papers, MS 010 at the Robert F. Kennedy Library, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. CAJulia Morgan: Architect of Beauty by Mark Wilson, 2007Julia Morgan Built a Castle Hardcover by Celeste Mannis, 2006Women of Steel and Stone: 22 Inspirational Architects, Engineers, and Landscape Designers by Anna M. Lewis, 2014

The Hammon and the Beans: Critical Analysis

Breaking down â€Å"The Hammon and the Beans† In â€Å"The Hammon and the Beans† writer Americo Paredes expounds on the issues of Mexican-American youngsters experiencing childhood in destitution. The story happens around 1926 of every an anecdotal south of Texas setting of Jonesville-on-the-Grande, under the shadows of Fort Jones. This setting is suggestive with Paredes home of Brownsville and memorable Fort Brown, built up in 1846 to house troops during the Mexican-American War and later used to guard the outskirt. The story highlights kid characters that watch, yet don't completely comprehend the anxiety of the grown-up universe of south Texas.Our youthful, anonymous storyteller establishes the pace by portraying his home which is his grandfather’s messy, yellow, enormous encircled house. He additionally notes why his mom detested it. â€Å"They had insects, she said. † He proceeds to render how the individuals of Jonesville-on-the-Grande became in a st ate of harmony with the daily practice on the post at Fort Jones. â€Å"At eight, the whistle from the post clothing sent us kids off to class. The entire town halted for lunch with the early afternoon whistle, and after lunch everyone returned to work when the post clothing said it was one o’ clock. As the little fellow relates â€Å"border troubles† and why the warriors returned to old Fort Jones, he coolly presents Chonita. Chonita is one of his companions just as a family companion. Her mom did his family’s clothing for utilization of a one-room shack on an empty plot of land having a place with his granddad. Chonita assumes a fairly huge job in this youthful boy’s memory. He portrays how after the post’s banner went as the night progressed, Chonita would stroll to the soldier’s mess lobbies and watch through the screen as they stuffed themselves. She would remain there until they were done with the goal that the cooks would allow her t he leftovers.He had quite recently moved into the local when a kid welcomed him to hear Chonita deliver a discourse. He saw she was a lean young lady with filthy feet. The entirety of the kids were looking on as she remained on a back street fence. Everybody was yelling, â€Å"Speech! Discourse! Let Chonita give a discourse! Talk in English Chonita! † She shouted out, â€Å"Give me the hammon and the beans! Give me the hammon and the beans! † Every night Chonita would deliver her discourse as the little youngster held up until they could go play. One day the little fellow became sick and when he was restored Chonita was nowhere to be found. As he became through the 1930s he thought of her and the hammon and the beans often.Eventually, he discovered that Chonita had died from a disease. The evening of Chonita’s passing, everybody was extremely pitiful, however the little fellow just felt odd. The specialist told the boy’s father that Chonita’s fathe r was in a somewhat upbeat temperament. The boy’s father told the specialist that the man was not Chonita’s natural dad and that her genuine dad had been shot and hanged. The two men continued with a discussion about radicalism, and arrived at no huge resolution. The little youngster took off to bed at his mother’s demand. As he lay there not completely sleeping, he contemplated Mexican saint Emiliano Zapata.He heard the cornet blast at the post and thought of Chonita in paradise yelling, â€Å"Give me the hammon and the beans! † He started to cry, and not knowing why he was crying he felt good. Utilizing â€Å"The Hammon and the Beans† Americo Paredes depicted the Brownsville of his childhood. Paredes composed with a dimly grievous incongruity of a youthful boy’s first experience with death. I trust Chonita was an image. An image of how Mexican-Americans battled against destitution, partiality, and loss of social character. Work Cited Pared es, Ame? rico. The Hammon and the Beans. Houston, TX: Arte Publico, University of Houston, 1994. Print.

Islam and Christianity †One God

Islam and Christianity †One God Free Online Research Papers I discovered that in Islam that they are five columns which stand apart to me since I didn’t understand that by following these means one is rehearsing one confidence as a result of my convictions for which I have been educated. For case in Christianity supplication is one of the numerous ceremonies that they utilized regular however in Islam in the subsequent column (salat) petition is held 5 times each day which as I would like to think is increasingly serious. I have discovered that in Catholic Christianity I have been advised to implore in the first part of the, prior day dinners, and at bed, which I surmise I could check five times each day yet I won’t need to go to the mosque like in Islam or nobody would reveal to me like in Islam that they have a muezzin when to ask and I would go into the minaret. Returning to actuality that the principal column in Islam there is no god however god and Muhammad is the messager of God. The other three columns that I have found out about are zarat which is the commitment to the government assistance of the network. The shaum is fasting during Ramadan and the latter is Hajj which is the journey to Mecca. In all the columns I have discovered that one can develop near er to Allah, and I learned through these columns that individuals convictions are not all that not quite the same as others. I would need to state that what shocked me was the entire asking circumstance. I thought that it was distinctive that one would go to a spot to implore and one individual calls one to petition. In Islam they go to the Mosque which is the supplicating place and the Muezzin is the individual that is in the Menarat calling others to implore. In Islam they need to implore multiple times which as expressed before is devotion to one’s confidence. It did astounded me too that in Islam there are extremely strict and defensive of their confidence and to me that says a great deal regarding an individual, redundant concurring with them but rather realize that they are having confidence in something that they believe is correct and in Christianity is doing what they accept is correct. At long last nobody wins since you can’t return from the hereafter and mention to everybody what the correct way is. I would need to state a portion of the five columns would be to extraordinary for me and I would feel regretful of not doing. For example the fasting during Ramadan I wouldn’t concur for the sole explanation I don’t truly observe the reason for fasting the whole day, I mean as a Catholic we have loaned and we quick for certain heavenly days however we are not so serious. I truly don’t have an issue with that it simply the way that it would be terrible for me to adhere to those guidelines. Something else will be the last column the journey to Mecca; I don’t imagine that you need to travel some place since you feel that Allah will be there. I would state to Islam that Allah is all over the place; it doesn’t matter in the event that you go or on the off chance that you don’t. That would be upsetting to me since I would feel that I would need to set aside all the cash just to go supposing that I don’t then I would feel regretful and I real ize that you don’t need to go in the event that you can’t bear the cost of on the off chance that I was Islamic I would discover this column difficult to accomplish. I would state how Islam Is like Christianity would be they have confidence in one God. Muslims have a detachment called Muhammad and Christianity has an errand person named Moses in my eyes. Here is the explanation on the grounds that in Islam Muhammad got everything that he expected to tell the individuals of Islam and Moses did likewise for the Christianity. The model would the be in Islam the Five Pillars and in Christianity I would state the Ten Commandments. The last thing that Islam and Christianity would share practically speaking is the two of them have confidence in sins and that they don’t put anything at or over their divine beings. I would state that there is part of dissimilarities in Islam to Christianity. In Islam they put stock in accommodation to Allah, in Christianity they put stock in the trinity which is the dad child and Holy Spirit is one. The wrongdoings of thanklessness in Islam is to me stricter than in Christianity in light of the way that in Christianity you can look for pardoning instead of Islam which a transgression of lack of appreciation where you must be thankful of everything. Regardless of whether something terrible happens you must be appreciative of whatever transpires. Obviously the undeniable explanation that Islam is diverse on the grounds that they don’t have the holy observances that Christianity has particularly in Catholicism which has seven holy observances. Another way that I would state that would be correct is that Islam considers Jesus Christ as a prophet which in Christianity they consider him to a greater degree a prophet. In there eyes he was more a marvel speciali st than a friend in need as Christians would state. I don’t believe that Muslims are tad outrageous than most Catholics, again an extraordinary model would be The Hajj the journey to Mecca. I truly don’t see any Christians meeting simultaneously in at some heavenly land as the Muslims do or perhaps they do however its not extraordinary as they Islam. I would state by considering Islam it has instructed me that in that religion petition is significant all things considered to me, yet I don’t implore as much as Muslim’s which made me wonder in the event that I should rehearse what I accept rather than just saying what I have confidence in. It has help me by arriving at what I do have confidence in and ensuring I have the realities down. At long last I would state that is assist me with reaffirming my confidence and convictions and has taught me such that I was considering what others have faith in. It has trained me be liberal too in light of the fact that I think any one contemplating Major world religions ought to be receptive and on the grounds that they don’t concur with different religions they ought to have another thought. To the extent changing over I don’t imagine that I will clandestine to Islam or become a Muslim since I don’t have confidence in Allah and in spite of the fact that I reg ard their considerations I just don’t see myself in that religion and I upbeat and glad to be a Christian particularly a Catholic. I have learned as Catholic somewhat increasingly about how the congregation was shaped and the reasons for breaking Christianity in numerous parts. At long last I was simply well instruction and have a superior comprehension on how Islam functions all in all. Research Papers on Islam and Christianity - One GodBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTrailblazing by Eric AndersonWhere Wild and West MeetCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionStandardized TestingThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Indian Art in the Mughal Era

The Musicals acquainted numerous new things with Indian culture, one being stupendous tomb design, for example, the world-acclaimed Tag-Mall. Hindus and Buddhist consistently incinerated their dead so internment was another custom all together. Alongside this came the composed expression of hallowed composition message In the type of improving calligraphy. Delightful Arabic sections from the Quern are Inscribed all through the Tag-Mall. A fascinating route with regards to which Hinduism and Islam were accommodated in McHugh India was through strict workmanship, especially as the exemplary Indian epic, ‘The Ramadan'.The Ramadan' recounts to the narrative of the incredible ruler/god, Ram, who is really and manifestation of Vishnu, and his journey to spare his lovely spouse, Sits, from the frightening evil presence lord, Raven. During this time, The Ramadan' was portrayed by both the Hindu Ragouts and the Islamic Musicals, which shows the versatility of The Ramadan', of which ther e were in actuality a wide range of forms. The Musicals created a variant of ‘The Ramadan' in 1600 and the Ragouts delivered theirs in 1720. The McHugh King, Kafka, had a Persian interpretation of The Ramadan' made which is known as ‘The Freer Ramadan'.The Ragout style of craftsmanship delineating ‘The Ramadan' was to a greater degree a conventional Indian style and utilized enormous territories of sold, splendid hues with progressively basic and less sensible looking figures and items. The McHugh style used to portray The Ramadan' was clearly vigorously affected by conventional Islamic workmanship and was gentler and increasingly naturalistic. After some time more forms of ‘The Ramadan' became, albeit, starting in the backtalk's the McHugh Empire is declining and no longer qualities Hindu writings like The Ramadan' as it had previously. All things considered, the ‘Siege of Lankan' arrangement of The Ramadan' was appointed by the Ragout ruler, Dally Sin gs, In 1725.I locate this Interesting in light of the fact that Hinduism and Islam are two religions and conviction frameworks that are so on a very basic level unique in relation to one another, but then they are accommodated here In the type of workmanship. It is intriguing and to some degree astounding that the Islamic rulers would be so tolerating of Hindu messages and culture. ‘Tale of two Remnants Indian workmanship in the McHugh Era with this came the composed expression of holy original copy message as brightening calligraphy. Lovely Arabic entries from the Curran are recorded all through the alarming evil spirit ruler, Raven.During this time, ‘The Ramadan' was delineated The Ramadan', of which there were in truth a wide range of adaptations. The Musicals 1720. The McHugh King, Kafka, had a Persian interpretation of ‘The Ramadan' made looking figures and items. The McHugh style used to delineate ‘The Ramadan' was writings like ‘The Ramadan' as i t had previously. All things considered, the ‘Siege of Lankan' arrangement of ‘The Ramadan' was charged by the Ragout ruler, Dalai Sings, in 1725. I locate this intriguing in light of the fact that Hinduism and Islam are two religions and conviction frameworks that are so generally not quite the same as one another, but they are accommodated here in the

Matlab problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Matlab issue - Assignment Example It is to make sure that the resistors utilized are not pointlessly such a large number of and that the estimation of obstruction that they structure in blend are the nearest to the ideal estimation of opposition. Issue proclamation Resistors are estimated in SI units known as ohms. In an offer to facilitate the way toward assembling in mass, the makers of resistors for the most part do it in some standard set measures. These standard resistors are known as E12 resistors. They are the resistors with the qualities 10 ?; 12 ?; 15 ?; 18 ?; 22 ?; 27 ?; 33 ?; 39 ?; 47 ?; 56 ?; 68 ?; and 82 ? Architects of electrical parts who which join the utilization of resistors ordinarily plan for some self-assertive opposition esteems which will best suit the necessities of the segment under structure. Given that resistors are made in the 12 standard qualities, this suggests the planner will have make a fitting mix of some of the standard resistors to shape a worth that is as near the structured estim ation of opposition as is for all intents and purposes conceivable. The mix should use as not many resistors as conceivable to limit expenses and this calls for legitimate advancement. In this undertaking, resistors are to be joined in arrangement since resistors consolidating in arrangement have the all out obstruction being the aggregate of the individual protections of every last one of the resistors associated in arrangement. In this issue the creator wants to get streamlining methods of joining resistors in arrangement to get the accompanying estimations of protections:- 20 ?; 100 ?; 200 ?; 1k ?; 2k ?; 50k ?; 100k ?; 2m ?; 20M ?; 150M ?. Strategy The technique utilized in taking care of this difficult exploits the way that every single one of the E12 opposition esteems structure a geometric arrangement, they are generally roughly 21% bigger than the past worth. The strategy utilized additionally exploits the way that for resistors in arrangement, the all out opposition is surre ndered by adding the estimation of every one of the individual protections of the resistors associated in arrangement. i.e, RT = R1 + R2 + R3 The technique utilized likewise focused at making the program easy to understand. It was to connect with the client in a human like discourse and thus be usable even by individuals who have no information on programming. In such manner, the strategy utilized was to compose a program code that would request somewhere in the range of two data from the client of the program. The principal data to be asked from the client is the ideal estimation of obstruction (target esteem). For this situation the client would enter one of the accompanying as wanted; 20 ?; 100 ?; 200 ?; 1k ?; 2k ?; 50k ?; 100k ?; 2m ?; 20M ?; 150M ?. The subsequent data to be asked from the client is the most extreme number of resistors that can be joined. This was acquainted in an offer with cut down on the expense of assembling. The strategy utilized additionally included the utilization of shorthand wherein case, M, K and R were utilized rather than M ?; K ? what's more, ? separately. In order to make it feasible for the generally acknowledged and utilized shorthand utilized by electrical specialists be contribution to the program by the clients. Results and conversation The program so framed is easy to understand and ready to request the two qualities from the client, for example the estimation of obstruction wanted and the most extreme number of resistors to be joined. The program is likewise ready to acknowledge estimations of information written in electrical engineers’

Technology of Ultrasound Scans

Innovation of Ultrasound Scans 2.1 Ultrasound 2.1.1 Physics of Ultrasound Sound is a mechanical wave that movements through a flexible medium. Ultrasound (US) is sound at a recurrence past 20 000 Hz, the constraint of human hearing. Bats orientate themselves with the assistance of US waves at 100 000 Hz. Ultrasound at frequencies of 200 000 Hz is utilized for route. The recurrence scope of analytic US is somewhere in the range of 1 and 20 MHz. At the point when sound experiences a limit between two media of various densities a portion of the sound bobs back as a reverberation, a marvel called reflection. The remainder of the sound proceeds through the medium yet is redirected from its unique way, this is called refraction. Acoustic impedance is the obstruction of a medium to the spread of sound and chooses how much stable will be reflected at the interface between the media. A portion of the vitality of the sound is changed over by rubbing into heat while spreading, this loss of vitality is called ingestion. At the point when ultrasound waves experience a surface, a little piece of their vitality is dissipated away in irregular ways while the majority of the sound keeps on proliferating, a wonder called disperse. Reflection, refraction, impedance, assimilation and disperse are for the most part wonders significant for picture arrangement in indicative ultrasound use. Relics, echoes that don't compare to an anatomic structure however result from the physical properties of ultrasound engendering in the tissues, are additionally imperative to know about when utilizing ultrasound. This wonder can likewise be of demonstrative assistance. One model is the acoustic shadowing of a gallstone, brought about by complete assimilation of the sound by the stone. Indicative ultrasound depends on the beat reverberation standard. The littlest utilitarian units of the transducer are the piezoelectric precious stones. The precious stones are inserted in the test, and every gem has a particular recurrence. A heartbeat is started from every gem in the test and a longitudinal sound wave proliferates through the body. A portion of the vitality is caught up in the tissue and some is reflected. The reflected vitality is gotten by the test, which figures the profundity of the interface by estimating the time taken to return. We can say that the human body is made out of three fundamental materials contrasting in acoustic impedance: gas with a low impedance, bone with an exceptionally high impedance and delicate tissue with an impedance some place in the middle. The enormous bungle among air and bone and tissue (â€Å"impedance mismatch†) makes 100% of the sound be reflected at air/tissue interfaces and practically all the sound at bone/tissue interfaces. There is a little confound between various delicate tissues in impedance, a reality that is the reason for demonstrative ultrasound. Various frequencies of ultrasound are utilized for various analytic assessments. Higher US frequencies (7-16 MHz) have higher goals yet are emphatically consumed by delicate tissue and are along these lines utilized for shallow structures. High frequencies (16-20 MHz) will just go for a couple of millimeters inside tissue and are restricted to intravascular and visual assessments. Lower frequencies (3-7 MHz) are utilized for more profound structures, being less unequivocally ingested and of lower goals. There are various methods of showing the plentifulness of reflected sound waves: A-mode, M-mode and B-mode. A-mode (plentifulness) ascertains just the profundity of the interface and is principally of authentic intrigue. M-mode (movement) is utilized to show moving structures and is utilized in cardiovascular ultrasound. B-mode (brilliance) is the normal US picture for most careful applications. Here the returning echoes are shown as shades of dark with the reverberation amplitudes spoke to by a dim level running from dark to white. The individual picture lines are put away, surveyed and collected on the screen to make a two-dimensional B-mode picture. Doppler ultrasound utilizes the Doppler impact. At the point when US is reflected from a moving structure (for example blood) the frequencies of the waves change and the measure of recurrence change is dictated by the speed and bearing of blood stream. The utilization of Doppler is clear in vascular US but at the same time is useful in different zones of analytic ultrasound. 2.1.2 History of Ultrasound Researchers, including Aristoteles, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton and Leonard Euler, have been examining the marvels of acoustics, echoes and sound waves for a long time. It was however not until 1877 that John William Strutt, otherwise called Lord Rayleigh, distributed a depiction of sound as a numerical condition in â€Å"The hypothesis of sound† which turned into the establishment for the study of ultrasound. A few years after the fact, 1880, Jaques and Pierre Curie found the piezo-electric impact; that an electric potential is created when mechanical weight is applied to a quartz gem, a significant disclosure that in the end prompted the improvement of the cutting edge ultrasound transducer which contains piezoelectric gems. The main investigation of the use of ultrasound as a clinical analytic instrument was distributed by the Austrian siblings Karl and Friedrich Dussik in 1942. They endeavored to find cerebrum tumors and the cerebral ventricles by estimating ultrasound transmission through the skull and presumed that if imaging of the ventricles was conceivable, the inside of the human body could likewise be pictured utilizing ultrasound. Lamentably it was later dictated by Guttner, in 1952, that the pictures created by the Dussiks were varieties in bone thickness. By and by, their logical work denoted the start of indicative ultrasonography in the clinical field and Dussik wrote in an article 10 years after the fact: †As blade and forceps in medical procedure, the concoction specialist in chemotherapy, the high recurrence electric field in diathermy and X-beam application, so has medication taken on another physical device in the most recent decade: the ultrasonic field†. George Dã ¶ring Ludwig, cooperating with Francis Struther, was the primary researcher to envision gallstones, embedded in the muscles and gallbladders of mutts, with ultrasound. His investigations likewise brought about the finding that the mean speed of ultrasound in delicate tissue is 1540 m/sec, a revelation that was to demonstrate significant for future research. Quite a bit of his work was anyway viewed as confined data, since he was utilized by the military, and hence not distributed in clinical diaries. John Julian Wild and Douglass Howry were additionally significant pioneers in the ultrasound field. Wild was a specialist who had the option to picture entrail divider thickness with ultrasound, and he likewise found a distinction in echogenicity among amiable and dangerous tissue. Wild likewise created transrectal and transvaginal transducers and a filtering gadget for screening patients for bosom malignant growth. Howry manufactured the main B-mode scanner in 1949 and, together with the two architects Bliss and Posanky, he additionally built up the principal straight contact scanner. The somascope, the main circumferential scanner, worked in 1954, was likewise evolved by Howry. The issue with these scanners was that the patient must be immobilized and submerged for quite a while. In the period 1957-58 a ultrasound scanner was created by Howry and his partners where the patient was lashed to the plastic window of a half circle dish loaded up with saline arrangement. In spite of the fact that not submerged, the patient had still to be immobilized for quite a while. At last, in the mid 1960s, Howry built up the direct held contact scanner, together with Wright and E Myers. During a similar time Ian Donald was doing ultrasound inquire about in England and 1958 he distributed an article that came to be a milestone, (â€Å"Investigation of stomach masses by beat ultrasound†), where he depicts how ultrasound changed the treatment of a lady determined to have progressed gastric malignancy significantly by diagnosing a cystic mass with ultrasound; the mass was later resected and seen as a benevolent ovarian growth. Donald contributed altogether to the field of obstetric and gynecological ultrasound for instance by finding the urinary bladder to be a characteristic acoustic window for the pelvic organs and by estimating the biparietal measurement of the baby just because. A century sooner the Doppler impact had been found by the renowned Austrian researcher Christian Andreas Doppler and introduced in 1842 of every a paper called ÃÅ"ber das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels (On the hued light of the twofold stars and certain different stars of the sky). In Lund, Sweden, the chief pioneers of echocardiography Inge Edler and Carl Hellmuth Hertz, built up the principal echocardiogram in October 195323 . Along these lines Hertz and Ã… sberg designed the initial two-dimensional ongoing heart imaging machine 1967 and Edler and Lindstrã ¶m registred the main synchronous M-mode and intracardiac Doppler blood stream chronicles at about a similar time. Ultrasound has in the most recent decades grew rapidly and the primary computerized scanners were discharged onto the market in 1976, giving better and reproducible pictures. Interventional ultrasonography goes back to 1969 when Kratochwill proposed the utilization of ultrasound for percutaneous seepage. As to for injury the main report of the strategy for assessing obtuse injury was dated 1971, by Kristenson in Germany. The improvement is as yet going on and in the light of advances in innovation prompting littler accessible machines joined with the costs of machines diminishing quickly theories have been made about the likelihood that specialists later on will routinely be outfitted with their own ultrasound stethoscope for use in their day by day clinical work. 2.1.3 Ultrasound Instruments It is imperative to have an essential information in which a ultrasound picture is created. The segments of scanner incorporate Transmitter: Emits electrical motivations that strike the transducer

Volkswagon Group Ethical Dilemma Analysis - 1375 Words

Volkswagon Group Ethical Dilemma Analysis (Research Paper Sample) Content: Volkswagen Group Ethical Dilemma Analysis Student's Name: Institution Affiliation: Volkswagen Group Ethical Dilemma Analysis Introduction Volkswagen (VW) Group is one of the most successful car manufacturing companies in the world, and their business has always expanded on a global scale. The company began its operations in Germany in as early as 1937 and had rapidly expanded to over 40 countries including America in 1955. Its subsidiary group in the United States is the leading manufacturer of affordable, attractive and safe cars. However, in the recent years, the company has faced controversial cases regarding its ethical responsibility. The company has been accused of taking part in unethical behavior on a massive scale. It was reported that the Volkswagen fitted its diesel engines with special devices that could falsify the emissions tests. This corporate misbehavior for a reputable company such as Volkswagen has received criticism from busines s leaders from all parts of the globe. Besides, it has been critiqued in almost all perspectives, that is, from business sustainability, finance, to corporate social responsibility. Main concerns on ethical problems in the organization One of their core values is to ensure that they have maintained safety that's why their cars have been designed with safety features. The company's stakeholders comprise of different individuals who determine and control their businesses. The possible cause of the unethical behavior could have been the adoption of a financial concept which claims that the primary goal of a company is to maximize the shareholders' value (Csizmazia, 2014). This notion supports the idea that shareholders should only care about the stock price, and not the implications on the society. The public reaction to the controversial news of unethical behavior in Volkswagen led to a massive drop in the share price which wiped billions from Volkswagen's stock price. Companies shoul d ensure that the balance their desires for maximizing their earnings at the same time looking after the interests of other stakeholders and respecting the environment (Gates, Ewing, & Russell, 2016). The emissions scandals have affected over 11 million consumers worldwide who use the Volkswagen vehicles. Apparently, this is out rightly considered as a mass business ethics failure about reputational and scale loss. Their act of misleading environmental regulators by falsifying the emissions scale of their engines was in the company's interests (Csizmazia, 2014). As a result of these fallacies, the company has continued to face trust and reputation crisis even after the release of their annual reports which has been termed as being hindsight and dubious. The emissions scandal faced by the company has extensively affected its corporate governance to the extent that the management has been at risk (Dans, 2016). Questionable business practices cannot be tolerated in the modern busine ss environments because the world has become extensively interconnected. The company should be held responsible for manipulating the software which has gone undetected for so many years now. However, the extent of damage caused to the environment and the public cannot be correctly measured. Causes of the ethical problems in the organization The main reason for VW ethical crisis is a three-pronged governance that has been associated with culture failure particularly in risk management, marketing and the internal controls (Choi, Ullah, & Kwak, 2015). The marketing approach has been considered as one of the leading factors in reputation loss for Volkswagen. This is because marketing is majorly based on driving sales and usually comprises of captivating messages on environmental friendliness of the products. As a result, many customers bought their cars since they were made to believe that they were environmental friendly. After the promises and marketing approaches had been found to be inappropriate, it triggered consumer mistrust and led to a loss of reputation for the company. Thus, it may involve a hard process and may take a long time for the business to build a lasting reputation. The Volkswagen Company lacked an effective risk management process which eventually contributed to the loss of reputation. The business needs to have management strategies that focus beyond financial and operational risks. In this case, the board of management was aware of the manipulative software that would give false information about the emissions released by their engines (Dans, 2016). As a result, the company increased its profitability due to high sales and revenue from the sales of their cars. It is clear that their incentives to exaggerate revenue and profits were as the failure of the internal control and audits to prevent this manipulation. The economic theory of individualism bases its argument on the notion that a company is only obligated to maximize its profits in a legal way. Besides, companies should be responsible for their actions. Hence, this theory implies that Volkswagen has done nothing wrong rather, they have met their obligation of maximizing their profits. In today's world, consumers can influence each other significantly in making purchase decisions since they can communicate with each other very easily (Eichler et al., 2016). This has contributed to the loss of reputation for the Volkswagen group since consumers paint a bad picture for the company. How the problems could have been avoided There is a need for multinational conglomerates such as Volkswagen Group to consider the potential risks that might affect their reputation. These risks are mainly associated with ethical concerns in social and environmental issues (Choi, Ullah, & Kwak, 2015). The primary consideration in risk management that organizations need to take into account is that the reputational threats should be integrated into the risk register. The role of the man agers would be to look at all the possible risks that could interfere with the corporation's balance sheet. Organizational behavior concept One of the organizational behavior concepts that could be applied in this case is the Corporate Social responsibility. Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility in business is crucial in maintaining the impact on reputation and trust. It is a determining factor in risk management, marketing and financial performance (Eichler et al., 2016). Also, it plays a significant role in ensuring that the company adopts an effective organizational behavior that prioritizes the interests of the society. The case of Volkswagen scandal indicates that there is still a gap in the board's competencies to uphold corporate social responsibility especially in accessing the risks and benefits. Sometimes implementation of sustainability and corporate social responsibility may not be an easy task for managers since managers are usually faced with a compromise betwe en short-term quarterly profits and long-term environmental impacts. These are some of the complexities of managerial decision making that the board of management in Volkswagen could have been possibly faced. Organizational behavior problems Organizational behavior is greatly influenced by the culture which is openly related to governance. The corporations should outline the crucial role that the independent directors plays on company boards. The VW scandal can be associated with leadership failures which can be blamed on character failure but not lack of commitment or competencies (Gates, Ewing, & Russell, 2016).The primary challenge that the Volkswagen group faces is that of establishing credibility to its stakeholders and consumers. What is of more concern is that the company's reputation has been adversely damaged and there may be no set guidelines to restore it. However, there may be other possible solutions that might help the company restore its reputation. One of the options would be for the Volkswagen group to restart under a new name. Also, the company should ensure that it establishes several measures for the purpose of restoring credibility to its company. The most severe case is the failure of the corporation to initiate an action that would assure the consumers of the reaction against the issue (Gallagher, 2016). This may result in consumer boycott and eventually lead to a drop in sales and ultimately the collapse of the company (Zhang et al., 2016). Repercussions of the unethical behavior The emission scandal had so many repercussions for Volkswagen to the extent that its cars became a target for regulatory investigations in different countries. One of the most adverse tra...